Final exam for Pathophysiology test bank sample questions With Complete Solutions

Final exam for Pathophysiology test bank sample questions With Complete Solutions ⁃ The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving isotonic intravenous (IV) fluids at an infusion rate of 125 mL/hour. The nurse performs an assessment and notes a heart rate of 102 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 160/85 mm Hg, and crackles auscultated in both lungs. Which action will the nurse take? -Request an order for a hypertonic IV solution. -Decrease the IV fluid rate and notify the provider. -Request an order for a colloidal IV solution. -Increase the IV fluid rate and notify the provider. correct answers Decrease the IV fluid rate and notify the provider ⁃ A nurse is teaching nursing students about the use of alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Which statement by a student indicates the need for further teaching? "Alpha-adrenergic antagonists block alpha1 receptors on arterioles and veins." "Dilation of veins by alpha-adrenergic antagonists improves cardiac output." "Dilation of arterioles has a direct effect on arterial pressure." "Venous dilation by alpha-adrenergic antagonists indirectly lowers arterial pressure." correct answers Dilation of arterioles has a direct effect on arterial pressure. ⁃ A patient will begin taking propranolol [Inderal] for hypertension. Which statement by the nurse is most important when teaching this patient about the medication? "Stop taking the drug if you become short of breath." "Take your pulse and do not take the medication if your heart rate is fast." "Check your hands and feet for swelling and report that to your provider." "It is safe to take this medication with a calcium channel blocker." correct answers Check your hands and feet for swelling and report that to your provider. ⁃ A provider has ordered captopril [Capoten] for a patient who has hypertension. The patient reports a history of swelling of the tongue and lips after taking enalapril [Vasotec] in the past. Which action by the nurse is correct? Administer the captopril and monitor for adverse effects. Reassure the patient that this is not a serious side effect. Request an order to administer fosinopril instead of captopril. Hold the dose and notify the provider. correct answers Hold the dose and notify the provider. A patient with heart failure who has been given digoxin [Lanoxin] daily for a week complains of nausea and vomiting. Before giving the next dose, the nurse will: ⁃ review the serum electrolyte values and withhold the dose if the potassium level is greater than 3.5 mEq/L. ⁃ request an order for a decreased dose of digoxin. ⁃ contact the provider to report possible digoxin toxicity. ⁃ assess the heart rate (HR) and give the dose if the HR is greater than 60 beats per minute. correct answers contact the provider to report possible digoxin toxicity. A patient has heart failure and is taking an ACE inhibitor. The patient has developed fibrotic changes in the heart and vessels. The nurse expects the provider to order which medication to counter this development? ⁃ Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) ⁃ Aldosterone antagonist ⁃ Direct renin inhibitor (DRI) ⁃ Beta-blocker correct answers Aldosterone antagonist