MTTC Biology questions with complete solutions 2023

MTTC Biology questions with complete solutions 2023Denitrification process of reduction of nitrate to molecular nitrogen by microbial action Carotenoids photosynthetic plant pigments that reflect yellow red light. They absorb blue-green and violet Pseodomonas sp a denitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas sp nitrifying bacteria nitrobacter sp nitrifying bacteria Rhizobium sp nitrogen fixing bacteria FSH hormone Stimulates spermatogenesis in males and stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland Anterior pituitary gland Secretes FSH, luteinising hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and GH Humification during decomposition in soil, the accumulation of dark colored amorphous substance called humus that serves as a reservoir of nutrients. It resists microbial action and so decomposition takes place slowly. Further degradation leads to mineralization Crossing over occurs during meiosis, and is a process of exchange of genetic material from one chromosome to another when they are paired Transduction the process of transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by bacteriophages Lymphatic system Helps balance the body's fluid level and is associated with the immune system to act against infection. It contains the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymph. B-lymphocytes are accumulated and matured in the spleen Independent Variable It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. (Independent variable) causes a change in (Dependent Variable) and it isn't possible that (Dependent Variable) could cause a change in (Independent Variable). Dependent variable It is something that depends on other factors. Usually when you are looking for a relationship between two things you are trying to find out what makes the it change the way it does. Rosalind Franklin A British chemist, best known for her work as an x-ray crystallographer. Her work is important to our understanding of the double helical structure of DNA ribosomes A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits. transcription the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA translation the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm Cell differentiation Occurs when changes in gene expression result in the synthesis of specific proteins found in specialized cells Restriction enzymes used in modern genetic research and engineering to cut DNA strands at specific nucleotide sequences How is glucose stored in plants? Glucose is converted into starch, which is stored as granules within plastids Specific heat of water Very high, therefore is able to moderate environmental temperature fluctuation G protein receptors Have 7 transmembrane alpha helices that traverse the plasma membrane and are connected by loops of varying length. The carboxy-terminus is located inside the cell and the amino terminus of the receptor is located outside the cell