Vocabulary list: DNA repair and replication
Biological term Definition
cell cycle The series of events involving the growth, replication, and division of a
eukaryotic cell
interphase The stage of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions
mitosis the division of a cell of the body that results in two cells, each with the same
number of chromosomes as the original cell
Xeroderma hereditary disease (children of the night, Mondscheinkrankheit,
pigmentosum Mondscheinkinder)
The process by which genetic material, a single-celled organism, or a virus
replication
reproduces or makes a copy of itself:
helicase An enzyme required for DNA unwinding
primase An RNA polymerase involved in the initiation of DNA synthesis
A segment of single-stranded DNA or RNA that is complementary to a given DNA
primer
sequence and that is needed to initiate replication by DNA polymerase
an enzyme that catalyses the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing
polymerase
strand of DNA or RNA
semi-
this form of replication produces two copies that each contained one of the original
conservative
strands and one new strand
(replication)
leading strand 5′ to 3′ DNA strand that is synthesized with few or no interruptions
3′ to 5′ DNA strand that is discontinuously synthesized as a series of (Okazaki)
lagging strand
fragments in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
Biological term Definition
cell cycle The series of events involving the growth, replication, and division of a
eukaryotic cell
interphase The stage of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions
mitosis the division of a cell of the body that results in two cells, each with the same
number of chromosomes as the original cell
Xeroderma hereditary disease (children of the night, Mondscheinkrankheit,
pigmentosum Mondscheinkinder)
The process by which genetic material, a single-celled organism, or a virus
replication
reproduces or makes a copy of itself:
helicase An enzyme required for DNA unwinding
primase An RNA polymerase involved in the initiation of DNA synthesis
A segment of single-stranded DNA or RNA that is complementary to a given DNA
primer
sequence and that is needed to initiate replication by DNA polymerase
an enzyme that catalyses the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing
polymerase
strand of DNA or RNA
semi-
this form of replication produces two copies that each contained one of the original
conservative
strands and one new strand
(replication)
leading strand 5′ to 3′ DNA strand that is synthesized with few or no interruptions
3′ to 5′ DNA strand that is discontinuously synthesized as a series of (Okazaki)
lagging strand
fragments in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
