HIEU 242 Midterm Exam (100% correct answers)

Otto von Bismarck correct answers - Conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890 and was the first Chancellor of the German Empire between 1871 and 1890. Robespierre correct answers - leader of the Committee of Public Safety; chief architect of the Reign of Terror - "Weed out political enemies" - 1789-94 Voltaire correct answers -() - French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. Napoleon correct answers - () - Emperor of the French. Responsible for many French Revolution reforms as well as conquering most of Europe. He was defeated at Waterloo, and died several years later on the island of Saint Helena. -"The directory" - government has heavy reliance on military. Clemens von Metternich correct answers () -Leader of the Austrian delegation in Congress of Vienna -Helped Austria obtain the German confederation, Lombardy, and Venetia in N. Italy Charles Darwin correct answers - (1809-82) ○ Evolution ○ Struggle of existence ○ Applicable to humans ○ Less place for morals , more place for nature - English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection Karl Marx correct answers - . - 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society. Louis XVI correct answers - King of France - (). - In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793. Adam Smith correct answers ()