ATPL navigation Question and answer rated A+ (2023)

ATPL navigation Question and answer rated A+ (2023)Formula to work radial error for INS/IRS radial error 3+3t nm Serviceability requirement errors for INR/IRS radial,cross track, along track 2nm/hour, +~20nm, +/- 25nm Maximum time operation for Single IRS/INS Ground alignment is not to exceed 10hrs 5hours or more another Nav system available Sole Tracking 3hours in CTA, 5hours in OCTA Maximum time operation for two or more IRS/INS Ground alignment is not to exceed 10hrs 5hours or more another Nav system available Sole Tracking 5 hours in CTA, 12 hours in OCTA Manual updates of IRS/INS are only permitted in accordance with Overhead a VOR or within 25nm of a collocated VOR/DME, or visual fix not above 5000ft AGL Automatic Updating is only permitted in the following 200nm of a DME when the aircraft track will pass within 140nm 200nm of two DME Beacon a collocated DME/VOR providing the update isn't accept when the beacon is more than 25nm away. 15 degrees what in time 1 hour 1 degree is what in time 4 min GS required when flying West at the EQuator to keep the sun apparently stationary 900kts Local time is ...... Than zulu going east and local time is ..... Than zulu going west Ahead ...... Behind How do you calculate wind of CR-2 TAS under TAS index, TMG under TC, work out drift, x wind, effective TAS, Effective TAS -GS = h/t wind, plot and find wind speed and direction ISA OAT is isothermal (constant) at ..... Between what levels Flight Levels from FL360 to Fl660 at -56 Formula used to compute TAS of the speed of sound Is Mach 1.0(in kts) = square ( temp + 273) *39 -1 The speed of light in NM IS nm per second What is frequency The number of cycles passing a given point in one second, usually expressed in Hertz Amplitude Is the displacement of the wave peaks or toughs from the Middle valve. Amplitude is a measure of strength of a signal. Modulation Is the process of creating a variation in the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the radio waves by using another waveform such as speech. Sidebands Are additional frequencies which occur whenever a carrier is modulated by a frequency lower than itself, particularly audio frequencies What Bands are used for NDB's LF and MF , LF 30-300 KHz, MF 300-3000KHz What Bands are used for VOR s VHF 30-300 MHz Do HF or LF suffer more from attenuation HF The formula to work out the THEORETICAL RANGE of VHF signals VHF Range =square (1.5* receiver altitude in ft ) Skip distance Is the distance from the transmitter to the point where the signal returns to the Earth after reflecting off the Ionosphere. What are there errors in VOR Air borne +/- 2 degrees , Vertical polarisation , Ground station error +/-2 degrees, Aggregate error +/- 5 degrees and Site/ Terrain effect Doppler VOR use ....... Instead of ..... And are almost total eliminates ...... .... Error Fm instead of Am Site effect error Error in NBD M.I.N.T.C.H.A.T In NDB loop antenna finds the Direction of the beacon by measuring the phase difference between these two windings, The null position The sense antenna finds the 180 degree ambiguity