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Samenvatting Mechanismen van ziekte: neoplasie

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Samenvatting mechanismen van ziekte (deel neoplasie, gegeven door Jo Van Dorpe)

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Uploaded on
February 27, 2023
Number of pages
15
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary

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Neoplasie
1: Basisbegrippen en nomenclatuur
Tumor
- Clonale proliferatie tgv mutatie
- Clonale neoplastische cellen
- Reactief tumorstroma
o Desmoplastische stromareactie
- Benigne
o Niet invasief
o Lokaal
o Chirurgie
- Maligne
o Invasief
o Metastasen mglk
- Naamgeving
o Epitheliaal (b: + OMA, m: + CARCINOMA)
Éénlagig klierepitheel Adenoma Adenocarcinoma
Meerlagig plaveiselepitheel Papilloma Plaveiselcelcarcinoma
Overgangsepitheel Papilloma Urotheel/transitioneel celcarcinoma
Cysten Cystadenoma cystadonocarcinoma
Melanocyten / Melanoma
Mesotheel (longvlies) / Mesothelioma
 Adenocarcinoma: prostaat/borst/colon/long
 Squameus carcinoma: huid/mond/f/larynx/slokdarm/long/anus/cervix

o Mesenchymaal (b: + OMA, m: + SARCOMA)
Fibroblasten Fibroma Fibrosarcoma
Bloedvaten Angioma Angiosarcoma
WBC/voorlopers WBC / Leukemie
Lymfocyten / Lymfoma
Plasmocyten / Plasmocytoma
Lymfevaten Lymfangioma Angiosarcoma
Kraakbeen Chondroma Chondrosarcoma
Vet Lipoma Liposarcoma
GSP Leiomyoma Leimyosarcoma
Gestreept spierweefsel Rhabdomyoma rhabdomyosarcoma
 Leukemie
 ALL: acute lymfoblastenleukemie
 AML: acute myeloïde leukemie
 CLL: chronische lymfocytenleukemie
 CML: chronische myeloïde leukemie
 Lymfomen
 Hodgkin: Reed-Sternberg cel
 Non-Hodgkin: B/T-cel lymfomen
o Gemengd epitheliaal-mesenchymaal

,  Endometrium/speekselklieren
 Maligne : carcinosarcoma
o Hamartoma
 Ongewone architectuur
 Pulmonaal hamartoma, odontoom
o Choristoma
 Ectopisch
o Teratoma
 Immature/mature cellen uit >1 vd kiembladen
 Testes/ovaria
- Kenmerken
o Differentiatie
 Anaplasie: gebrek aan diff
 Celatypie: celpleomorfisme: tumorcellen variëren in vorm en grootte
 Kernatypie:
 Hyperchromasie + geklonterd chromatine: donkerder
 Onregelmatige vorm
 Grote nucleolen
 Mitose
 Toen mitotische activ + asym/bizarre mitotische figuren
 Verlies polariteit
 Neovascularisatie < tumorgroei: necrose
 Apoptose
 Tumorale reuscellen
o Groeisnelheid
 Snel: KA
 Traag: GA
 ~ gevoeligheid voor chemo
 Celprod tov celverlies
 Ki67: proliferatiemerker
o Invasie
 GA: gelokaliseerd, enucleatie volstaat
 KA: progressieve infiltratie + destructie omgevend weefsel, brede resectie
o Metastasering: steeds maligne
 Lymfatisch
 Vooral carcinomen
 Hematogeen
 Directe seeding: visc/par blad
 Peritoneaal
 Pleuraal
 Niet meer operabel
2: Epidemiologie
- Mannen: prostaat – long – colon + rectum
- Vrouwen: borst – colon + rectum – long
- Omg factoren: roken, alcohol, obesitas, dieet, infecties (HPV, EBV, HBV, HCV, H. pylori), UV-
licht, asbest, houtstof
- Leeftijd: >55j
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