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Samenvatting Mechanismen van ziekte: Ferdinande

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Samenvatting deel van mechanismen van ziekte (gegeven door Liesbeth Ferdinande).

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Uploaded on
February 27, 2023
Number of pages
14
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary

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1: pathologie van de cel
Adaptati e van cellulaire groei en diff erenti ati e

Homeostase: evenwicht tussen functie en structuur
Adaptatie: reversibele respons => nieuwe steady state
- Tgv fysiologische stress/pathologische stimulus
- Hypertrofie: celgrootte ↗ => vol orgaan ↗
o Synthese structurele componenten ↗
o Tgv functionele behoefte ↗ + hormonale stim
- Hyperplasie: aantal cellen ↗
o Proliferatie mature cellen oiv GF/regeneratie stamcellen
o Fysiologisch
 Hormonaal
 compensatoir
o Pathologisch
 Hormonaal/GF
 Controloemechanisme celgroei
- Atrofie: aantal + grootte cellen ↘ => volume orgaan/weefsel ↘
o Eiw afbraak ↗ + eiw synthese ↘
o Oorzaken
 Verminderde werkbelasting
 Denervatie
 Ischemie
 Onvold voeding
 Verlies endocriene stim
 druk
- Metaplasie: vervanging celtype (vaak plaveiselepitheel)
o Uit precursorcellen
o Oiv cytokines, GF, ECM
o Metaplasie => dysplasie => carcinoma in situ
o Bv squameuze metaplasie bij rokers
o Bv Barrett oesofagus
 Reflux maagzuur
 Distale slokdarm: plaveisel- => glandulair epitheel
- IC accum:
o Norm cellulaire component
o Abnorm endo/exogene producten
o Pigment
 Exogeen
 Anthracosis thv longparenchym/pulmonale Lnn. (C in de lucht)
 Tattoo: opname in dermale macrofagen
 Endogeen
 Lipofuscine
 Hemosiderine (Hb): ijzerneerslag
o Lipiden
 Bv steatose: lever

,  Bv schuimbekmacrofagen
o Eiwitten
 Russell body: secr Ig’s
 AR aand
 α-1 anti-trypsine def: inhib proteasen
 Mutatie => abnorm eiw => accum eiw in ER hepatocyten
 Onvold inhib: longemfyseem
o Hyalien
 IC: eiw deposities
 EC:
 Coll bw
 Amyloïd: pathologische eiw subst
o Congoroodkleuring
 Amyloïdoses: misfolding eiw (β-sheet) => depostie toxische,
fibrillaire eiw
o Lok: plaats van aanmaak bv Z v Alzheimer
o Syst: versch org systemen
 Vermoeidheid, zwakte, verlies eetlust, oedeem
(hart, nier), gewichtsverlies, paresthesieën
(vingers, tenen), dyspnoe
 AL: lichte keten
 AA: sec
o Glycogeen
 Glycogeen storage diseases = glycogenoses: genetisch
 Def enzym glycogeenafbr/synthese
o Oorzaken
 Abnorm metabolisme van norm endogene subst
 Aanmaak > metabolisme
 Mutatie enzymen metabolisme
 Mutaties => wijzigingen eiw aanm/transp
 Foute opvouwing eiw
 Depositie abnorm exogeen subst
- Calcificatie: abnorm depositie Ca zoute, ijzer, Mg, andere minerale zouten
o Dystrofisch: norm Ca spiegels
o Metastatisch: stoornis in Ca metabolisme
Celschade en celdood

Oorzaken
- Hypoxie: zuurstoftekort in weefsels
o Ischemie
o Onvold oxygenatie bloed
o Verminderde capaciteit van bloed om zuurstof te vervoeren
o Ernstig bloedverlies
- Fysische agentia
o Mechanisch trauma
o Temperatuur
o Drukveranderingen
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