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Samenvatting Klinische biologie

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samenvatting klinische biologie (gegeven door Sander De Bruyne)

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Uploaded on
February 26, 2023
Number of pages
15
Written in
2022/2023
Type
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Klinische biologie
1: analystische technieken
Fotometrie
- Hoeveelheid geabsorbeerd licht => hoeveelheid aanw conc
- Lichtbundel op meetcuvet met gekleurde opl
- T: transmissie: 0-100%
- E: extinctiewaard: 0-1

Hemocytometrie
- Tellen aantal cellen bloed: microscoop/automatische cellenteller (detector)
- Momentopname
- Enkel circ pool (niet marginale: plakken tegen bv wand) w geteld
- Afh van inflow uit bm, outflow in weefsels
- Geen afwijkende cellen

Flowcytometrie
- Vervolgoz bij afwijkend resultaat hemocytometrie
- Fluorochroom: fluorescerend Ab tegen CD-merkers
- Laserstraal => fluorescent signaal

2: referentiewaarden + interpretatie uitslagen
- Conventionele eenheden/SI-systeem => conversietabellen
- Meetresultaten versch labo’s niet zomaar vgl

Analytische performantie
Precisie

- Overeenstemming meetresultaten bij herhaalde metingen
- Imprecisie: toevallige fout
- CV: variatiecoëff = (standdev/gem) x 100

Juistheid

- Gem herhaalde metingen benadert juiste waarde
- Onjuistheid = bias: systematische fout

Nauwkeurigheid = accuraatheid

- Resultaat enkelv meting benadert juiste waarde
- Onnauwkeurigheid: systematische fout + toevallig fout

Referentiewaarden
- Gebied tuss percentiel 2,5-97,5
- 5% ve norm populatie abnorm resultaat

Verschillen

- Geslacht
- Leeftijd
- Etniciteit
- Omg: milieu, SEC, levensstijl

, Diagnostische waarde test
Sensitiviteit

- TP/TP+FN

Specificiteit

- TN/TN+PF

ROC-curve

- X-as: aspecificiteit = 1-specificiteit = False pos rate
- Y-as: sensitiviteit = true pos rate
- Cut-off point : optimale performantie
o Hoog: hoge sens, lage spec
- Non-sense test
o 1e bissectrice => AUC: 0,5-1

3: laboratoriumanalyse
Pre-analytische fase
- Meeste fouten tijdens deze fase

Biologische variabiliteit

- Tijdstip afname
o Bv cortisol: ’s ochtends >>> ’s avonds
- Lichaamshouding
o Liggend (15 min)
o Groot verschil tuss liggen en rechtstaan bij plasma eiw
- Voedselinname
o Maaltijd: TG’s (=> troebel serum), bilirubine, fosfor, glucose, WBC ↗
- Roken
o Leukocytose
o Glycemie, CEA waarde, alfa-1-antitrypsine ↗
- Fysische activiteit
o WBC + spierenzymen (LDH, ALT, CK) ↗
o Oudere mannen: fietsen => PSA ↗
- Zwangerschap
o Hemodilutie: hematocriet + eiwitgehalte + ijzer ↘
o Alkalische fosfatase (placenta) + zs hormonen ↗

Bloedafname

- !te veel stuwing => lactaat + kalium ↗
- Serum
o Plasma - stollingsfactoren
o Geen anticoagulantia
o Stollingsactivatoren: bloed eerst stollen (20-30min) voor centrifugatie
o Separatorgel: tuss serum en cellen
o Routine biochemische bepalingen
- Lithium-heparine
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