INTERNATIONAAL MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT
What is international management?
Process of applying management techniques in an international environment
o Operating in global context
o Making strategic mngmnt decisions to ensure sustained competitive advantage
o Implementing strategies across national boundaries
o Navigating cultural differences
o Managing interdependence and sustainability
Why international management?
Significance increased and studies became more important
o Pace globalisering gestegen
o Economien afhankelijker en interactiever geworden
o Internationale competitie
Waarom verschillend van nationaal management?
International and unfamiliar political, social, legal and cultural environment
Diverse workforce -> religie, etniciteit, waarden, taal, background, cultuur, gender, age,…
Efficient en effectief leren werken met collegas van andere landen
Internationale managers vinden die de skills en ervaring hebben om te werken met een breed
spectrum aan mensen en culturen.
MNE=
Substantieel direct investeren in buitenland (niet alleen export)
Actief management of offshore assets (niet financieel passief portfolio)
Management integration of operations located in different countries
o Multiple operating environments
o Political demands and risks
o Global competitive game
Multiple markets
o Currency fluctuations and exchange risk
o Organizational complexity and diversity
Barriers of distance, time, languages and cultuur
MNE influence in the global economy
As large as mid-sized countries: Walmart: 2.2 million employees and 562 miljard revenu
Technology firms transform global landscape
Some industries are completely dominated by mne’s (auto, computers, soft drinks)
,Grote MNE’s hebben hele systemen en netwerken in hun portfolio
THE GLOBAL CONTEXT
Globalisation: increasing interconnectedness of people into a single system
- Interdependent and integrated global economy
- Undermining of the nation state -> EU
- Rise of a global culture
- Emergence of global conflicts
o Each of these dimensions are hevily connected and reinforce each other
Foreign English premier league
PSG and Manchester city: network of teams
Globalisation= of all times
Acceleration in last decades
Belgium: 10th largest exporting country, 2nd most globalised country
,Drivers of globalisation
1) Falling transportation and communication costs
a. Technological advancement:
i. Sea fright
ii. Air travel
iii. Communication: telephone
2) Political shifts
a. Val van SU
b. 4 asian tigers (leaders in economic world ’60-’90): Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and
Taiwan
i. Asian financial crisis destroyed their mystique
c. Rise of China ‘90
3) Gradual abolition of trade barriers
a. Tariffs
i. Taks on imports
ii. Subsidies
b. Non-tariffs: quota’s, sanctions, embargo’s standard and technical barriers
Abolition by Global trade agreements and (inter-)Regional Trade Agreements
WTO (164 countries)
European expansion (EU)
4) Accelerated growth in technology and digitisation
a. Reduce costs of international interactions and transactions
b. Less internal complexity and reduce internal cost base by end-to-end workflow chains
c. Create markets and user communities on global scale
d. Micro-multinationals -> digital platforms (amazon, facebook)
e. Allowing individuals to directly participate in globalisation
5) Market drivers
How industries and enterprises have responded tot he above
Benefits of globalisation
1) Growth world trade and world economy
2) Rise in global wealth and equality
3) Specialisation of goods and services
4) Exponential innovation
5) Broader choice and options for consumers
6) Unparalleled career opportunities
Challenges of globalisation (werkpunten)
1) Deregulation vs neoliberalism and casino capitalism
2) Climate change
3) Migration debate
4) Human rights
5) Concentration of economic power
6) Fiscal and social race to the ²bottom
7) Growing inequality within and between coutries
8) Decline of national sovereignty
, 9) Loss of control over infrastructure, energy and resources
Where will this lead us?
Flat world view: De wereld zien als een level speelveld in terms of commerce, where all competitors have an
equal opportunity
Multi-domestic view: De wereld zien als de verschillende wereldmarkten meer verschillend dan gelijkend van
elkaar en dat de speelvelden en levels verschillen per markt
SLOWBALISATION
A slowdown in globalisation
Er is globalisering maar minder snel dan ervoor
Trade has tended past decades to grow more rapidly than world output, now instead trade growth has
been abnormally weak in recent years
Still speaking about GROWTH
Drivers of slowbilisation
1) Antiglobalisatie en economisch nationalisme
a. Linkse en rechtse groepen hebben politiek aangestuurd voor anti globalisation
i. Sommige hebben succes gehad waardoor er een verzwakking is
b. Policies respond to anti-globalisation
i. Protectionisme VS
ii. Brexit
iii. Swiss decision to end talks with EU
iv. Pause in multilateral agreements
v. Strengere immigratie wetgeving EU – Turkije
c. Conditions for fair globalisation
i. Coherent macro-economic policies
ii. Long term vision of national governments, unions and employers
iii. International collaboration across governments
iv. Effective supra-national international socio-economic institutions
v. Coordinated responses to climate change, migration and inequality
d. European green deal (positive)
e. Global minimum taks rate: 15% (positief nieuws)
2) Traditional trade wars
a. China vs VS
3) Developments in emerging markets
a. Share of global consumption has risen by around 50% in emerging markets
4) Technological advancements
a. Knowledge-intensive markets
5) Measures to migrate the risk of supply chain disruption
a. Vulnerability of global supply chains -> Covid
b. Localising supply chain
c. Self-sufficiency and reshoring
Voorbeeld Boeing 787, onderdelen komen van overl ter wereld, 1 vertraging zorgt voor mega grote
vertraging
6) Covid
a. Remote working
INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT
What is international management?
Process of applying management techniques in an international environment
o Operating in global context
o Making strategic mngmnt decisions to ensure sustained competitive advantage
o Implementing strategies across national boundaries
o Navigating cultural differences
o Managing interdependence and sustainability
Why international management?
Significance increased and studies became more important
o Pace globalisering gestegen
o Economien afhankelijker en interactiever geworden
o Internationale competitie
Waarom verschillend van nationaal management?
International and unfamiliar political, social, legal and cultural environment
Diverse workforce -> religie, etniciteit, waarden, taal, background, cultuur, gender, age,…
Efficient en effectief leren werken met collegas van andere landen
Internationale managers vinden die de skills en ervaring hebben om te werken met een breed
spectrum aan mensen en culturen.
MNE=
Substantieel direct investeren in buitenland (niet alleen export)
Actief management of offshore assets (niet financieel passief portfolio)
Management integration of operations located in different countries
o Multiple operating environments
o Political demands and risks
o Global competitive game
Multiple markets
o Currency fluctuations and exchange risk
o Organizational complexity and diversity
Barriers of distance, time, languages and cultuur
MNE influence in the global economy
As large as mid-sized countries: Walmart: 2.2 million employees and 562 miljard revenu
Technology firms transform global landscape
Some industries are completely dominated by mne’s (auto, computers, soft drinks)
,Grote MNE’s hebben hele systemen en netwerken in hun portfolio
THE GLOBAL CONTEXT
Globalisation: increasing interconnectedness of people into a single system
- Interdependent and integrated global economy
- Undermining of the nation state -> EU
- Rise of a global culture
- Emergence of global conflicts
o Each of these dimensions are hevily connected and reinforce each other
Foreign English premier league
PSG and Manchester city: network of teams
Globalisation= of all times
Acceleration in last decades
Belgium: 10th largest exporting country, 2nd most globalised country
,Drivers of globalisation
1) Falling transportation and communication costs
a. Technological advancement:
i. Sea fright
ii. Air travel
iii. Communication: telephone
2) Political shifts
a. Val van SU
b. 4 asian tigers (leaders in economic world ’60-’90): Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and
Taiwan
i. Asian financial crisis destroyed their mystique
c. Rise of China ‘90
3) Gradual abolition of trade barriers
a. Tariffs
i. Taks on imports
ii. Subsidies
b. Non-tariffs: quota’s, sanctions, embargo’s standard and technical barriers
Abolition by Global trade agreements and (inter-)Regional Trade Agreements
WTO (164 countries)
European expansion (EU)
4) Accelerated growth in technology and digitisation
a. Reduce costs of international interactions and transactions
b. Less internal complexity and reduce internal cost base by end-to-end workflow chains
c. Create markets and user communities on global scale
d. Micro-multinationals -> digital platforms (amazon, facebook)
e. Allowing individuals to directly participate in globalisation
5) Market drivers
How industries and enterprises have responded tot he above
Benefits of globalisation
1) Growth world trade and world economy
2) Rise in global wealth and equality
3) Specialisation of goods and services
4) Exponential innovation
5) Broader choice and options for consumers
6) Unparalleled career opportunities
Challenges of globalisation (werkpunten)
1) Deregulation vs neoliberalism and casino capitalism
2) Climate change
3) Migration debate
4) Human rights
5) Concentration of economic power
6) Fiscal and social race to the ²bottom
7) Growing inequality within and between coutries
8) Decline of national sovereignty
, 9) Loss of control over infrastructure, energy and resources
Where will this lead us?
Flat world view: De wereld zien als een level speelveld in terms of commerce, where all competitors have an
equal opportunity
Multi-domestic view: De wereld zien als de verschillende wereldmarkten meer verschillend dan gelijkend van
elkaar en dat de speelvelden en levels verschillen per markt
SLOWBALISATION
A slowdown in globalisation
Er is globalisering maar minder snel dan ervoor
Trade has tended past decades to grow more rapidly than world output, now instead trade growth has
been abnormally weak in recent years
Still speaking about GROWTH
Drivers of slowbilisation
1) Antiglobalisatie en economisch nationalisme
a. Linkse en rechtse groepen hebben politiek aangestuurd voor anti globalisation
i. Sommige hebben succes gehad waardoor er een verzwakking is
b. Policies respond to anti-globalisation
i. Protectionisme VS
ii. Brexit
iii. Swiss decision to end talks with EU
iv. Pause in multilateral agreements
v. Strengere immigratie wetgeving EU – Turkije
c. Conditions for fair globalisation
i. Coherent macro-economic policies
ii. Long term vision of national governments, unions and employers
iii. International collaboration across governments
iv. Effective supra-national international socio-economic institutions
v. Coordinated responses to climate change, migration and inequality
d. European green deal (positive)
e. Global minimum taks rate: 15% (positief nieuws)
2) Traditional trade wars
a. China vs VS
3) Developments in emerging markets
a. Share of global consumption has risen by around 50% in emerging markets
4) Technological advancements
a. Knowledge-intensive markets
5) Measures to migrate the risk of supply chain disruption
a. Vulnerability of global supply chains -> Covid
b. Localising supply chain
c. Self-sufficiency and reshoring
Voorbeeld Boeing 787, onderdelen komen van overl ter wereld, 1 vertraging zorgt voor mega grote
vertraging
6) Covid
a. Remote working
