CPH Exam 90 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

The epidemiologic triangle (triad) describes the occurrence of disease as an interaction between what three factors? correct answer: Host, agent and environment Which of the following estimates of an odds ratio most strongly suggests a computational error? 1) 7.8 2) 1.2 3) -0.9 4) 20.9 correct answer: -0.9 An odds ratio of -0.9 most strongly indicates a computational error because an odds ratio is calculated using probabilities, which cannot be negative. An odds ratio is the probability that an event will occur divided by the probability that it will not occur. Since probabilities cannot be negative, a negative odds ratio would indicate computational error. The sensitivity of a particular screening test for a disease is 95%, and the specificity is 90%. Which of the following statements is correct? 1) Of 100 people sampled from a population with the disease, the test will correctly detect 95 individuals as positive for the disease 2) Of 100 people sampled from a population with the disease, the test will correctly detect 90 individuals as positive for the disease 3) If a person tests positive, the probability of having the disease is 0.95 4) If a person tests positive, the probability of having the disease is 0.90 correct answer: 1) Of 100 people sampled from a population with the disease, the test will correctly detect 95 individuals as positive for the disease Which measure of mortality would you calculate to determine the proportion of all deaths that is caused by heart disease? 1) Case fatality ratio 2) Cause-specific mortality rate 3) Crude mortality rate 4) Proportionate mortality ratio correct answer: 4) Proportionate mortality ratio Proportionate mortality ratio is calculated as the number of deaths due to a specific disease within a population divided by the total number of deaths in the population. In this case, we would calculate the total number of deaths due to heart disease divided by the total number of deaths within the population of interest. Which of the following best describes a study where exposure histories is collected from a group of persons with a specific disease and from a comparison group to determine the relative frequency of an exposure? 1) Clinical trial 2) Randomized controlled trial 3) Case-control 4) Cohort correct answer: *Case control*, also known as case-referent studies, estimate the magnitude of an association between and exposure and an outcome. In case control studies, subjects are selected because they have the outcome of interest. The four P's of public health marketing services include: correct answer: Product, price, place, and promotion An appropriately tailored intervention message most importantly should: 1) Take into account characteristics of the target population 2) Be designed through community organizational strategies 3) Meet the criteria established by the funding agency 4) Be designed and tested by colleagues and experts in the field correct answer: 1) Take into account characteristics of the target population As defined by Kreuter and Wray, targeted communication is intended to reach a segment of the population that shares specific characteristics, while *tailored communication* is intended to reach a specific individual. Both strategies increase the effectiveness of interventions and are premised on acquiring in-depth familiarity with the audience before the message is created, tested, and disseminated. Otherwise, the message will be meaningless to the target population. The best use of clinical practice guidelines is as an: 1) indication of the best diagnostic and treatment practices based on the best available evidence. 2) enforceable standard of care against which deviations should be detected and corrected. 3) ideal therapy plan that should be supported in public health regulation and patient education. 4) information pamphlet for distribution in public health patient education programs. correct answer: 1) indication of the best diagnostic and treatment practices based on the best available evidence. What is the role of public health agencies when communicating with external stakeholders? 1) To promote the agency and engage in advocacy 2) To promote favorable legislation 3) To provide STI tests and keep the public safe 4) To provide vaccinations correct answer: 1) To promote the agency and engage in advocacy 5.For the first time scientists in the United States conducted a longitudinal study that followed children with Zika for one year. They found that even children who appeared with no deformities at birth developed specific developmental delays. Which communication criteria do Zika scientists meet when they share their research findings with their communities and global constituencies? Select the BEST answer. 1) They practice transparency in advancing Zika research 2) They demonstrate beneficence, a core public health ethical principle 3) They provide strategic leadership in leading local and international solutions 4) They demonstrate their competence in Zika research correct answer: 3) They provide strategic leadership in leading local and international solutions In an ever interconnected world where diseases have no borders, cutting edge public health research has to be disseminated with local stakeholders as well as international communities. * Please note leadership is a communication act.