CRC Example questions, Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+

CRC Example questions, Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+ Managed care is a health delivery concept initially implemented due to: - -Spiraling medical costs. Managed care models emphasize structured provider systems and price negotiation to provide cost-effective and comprehensive healthcare plans. The consistency of scores obtained by the same individuals when re-examined with the same test on different occasions, with different sets of equivalent items or under other variable examining conditions is called: - -Test - retests reliability, is assessed by giving the test to a group of people and then giving it again to the same group of people usually a week or two later, and then correlating the results of the two test administrations. The culturally sensitive rehabilitation counselor working with a client who is identified as belonging to a minority ethno-cultural group will place emphasis on understanding the: - -Individual's specific life experiences. A culturally-sensitive counselor will recognize that the specific life circumstances of an individual may be different from his or her own, and will strive to understand those experiences from the client's perspective. A client is anxious, depressed, and self-pitying about her condition. A rehabilitation counselor with a Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) orientation would most likely use which method in facilitating the client's adaptation to her condition? - -Help identify the client's irrational beliefs and dispute them. The counseling theory of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis, focuses on helping clients identify their irrational beliefs and develop alternative statements to dispute and overcome those beliefs. Which is a characteristic of the harm-reduction approach to substance use and treatment? - -Biopsychosocial factors exist in alcohol and drug use. Substance use has multiple effects on the individual and family, causing health and psychological problems and disrupting social systems. Harm reduction approaches can be contrasted to abstinence-only approaches such as twelve step meetings. A client exhibiting learned helplessness could perceive that success and failure result from: - -External forces beyond their control. Learned helplessness is an expectancy that events occur by chance and the client has no control over them. Those expectations can result in feelings of helplessness, depression, and ineffectiveness. The counseling theorist who was a major contributor to the psychodynamic approach to therapy is: - -Alfred Adler. Alfred Adler's theory is based on a psychodynamic perspective. In contrast, the other theorists listed are associated most with cognitive (Ellis), behavioral (Lazarus), and person-centered (Rogers) approaches. In the Minnesota model of patient treatment for addiction, the three phases include: - -Detoxification, rehabilitation, and aftercare. Patients entering an inpatient treatment program usually undergo assessments including medical, psychiatric, psychological, social, and family appraisal. Based on the assessment, the treatment plan may consist of detoxification, counseling, and/or group counseling. Patients may remain as inpatients (21-28 days); however, most treatment plans emphasize outpatient treatment. Rehabilitation counselors who work with individuals with alcoholism know the importance of obtaining an accurate drinking history during the initial interview. In an effort to get a clear picture of the alcohol use, the rehabilitation counselor should: - -Exhibit a non-judgmental attitude when asking about drinking patterns. Unless rehabilitation counselors show they are non-judgmental, individuals with alcoholism are unlikely to disclose their actual drinking history because they may be embarrassed to do so. An effective counseling relationship requires communicating acceptance of the client's situation and their inherent worth. According to Viktor Frankl, the essence of being human lies in the: - -Search for meaning and purpose. Rehabilitation counselors recognize that individuals with disabilities are human beings, each with their own unique view of the world and their purpose in life. Frankl's approach to counseling emphasizes freedom, responsibility, meaning, and search for value. The stage of group therapy where cohesion usually occurs is the: - -Working stage. During the working stage, the group displays a great amount of intimacy, self-disclosure, feedback, teamwork, confrontation, and humor, if it is healthy. Feelings of empathy, compassion and care abound, and groups gradually grow closer emotionally. Cohesiveness usually increases as group members interact and understand each other better. Emotional closeness is especially likely to grow if group members can identify with each other and have been successful in working through their struggles together. During a family counseling session, the rehabilitation counselor asked a question that offered family members an opportunity to ponder what their lives and subsequent behavior would be like once the problem was remedied. This is known as: - -The miracle question. Within the solution-focused area of family counseling practice, techniques such as the "miracle question" can be used to help change the family's beliefs and behavior patterns. Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is an anxiety disorder that develops: - -Within a month after a severe traumatic event. Many individuals with disabilities have experienced acute stress related to trauma. In some cases, this leads to an anxiety disorder within a month after the traumatic event. Rehabilitation counselors can assist with managing the stress in an effective manner. One of the first steps of crisis intervention is to provide an opportunity for the individual to: - -Fully express himself/herself. Many individuals with disabilities may experience crises. Rehabilitation counselors should exhibit sensitive listening, hearing, and understanding skills to help each individual express himself/herself. Denying the crisis can be counter-productive; allowing the individual to harm self or others is unethical. Self-destructive behavior, such as repeated suicide attempts and self-mutilation, is one of the defining characteristics of which psychiatric diagnosis? - -Borderline personality disorder. DSM-5 defines borderline personality disorder as "a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts." Five of nine diagnostic criteria must be met; one of those is "recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures or threats, or self-mutilating behavior." Personality assessments evaluate what trait? - -Emotion. Personality characteristics affect the individual throughout the rehabilitation counseling process, in areas such as adjustment to disability and job satisfaction. Personality assessments measure emotional traits, along with other personal and social characteristics. Which is affected most by extreme scores? - -Mean. Extreme scores will pull the mean in the direction of those extremes. For example, in the United States, a few people have extremely high incomes, their income pulls the mean so that it is not a good representation of what the average citizen earns. The median would be a better choice to represent what is average. A labor market survey is valuable to the rehabilitation counselor because it provides information related to: - -Realistic placement opportunities. The purpose of a labor market survey is to understand the local labor market related to the client's job or occupation preference. A labor market survey includes surveying a sample of employers/organizations that hire persons for the job/occupation to determine such factors as desired qualifications, projections for hiring, expected wages and benefits, and other contextual information a client needs to consider for a realistic and successful placement. Occupations were classified into six broad occupational environments by: - -Holland, he proposed that personality types can be arranged in a coded system following his modal-personal-orientation themes (realistic occupation, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional). In this way, personality types can be arranged according to dominant combinations. When developing rehabilitation plans with clients, the rehabilitation counselor should help the client select meaningful goals, describe the steps needed to achieve these goals, and: - -Help set reasonable deadlines for accomplishing each step in reaching the goals. The planning process involves a sequence of selecting goals, identifying objectives and strategies for achieving goals, and specifying deadlines for accomplishing the goals. The primary focus of the rehabilitation intake interview is to: - -Exchange information and develop rapport with an individual with a disability. A rehabilitation intake interview is an essential part of the case management process. In addition to gathering and sharing information, it is important to develop a relationship with the client to support success in the relationship counseling process. Interdisciplinary care planning helps establish a seamless approach to client care and requires the involvement of: - -Members of various disciplines, the client, and the family. Effective case management involves engaging the client, the family, and service providers from various disciplines in the rehabilitation process. A client with rheumatoid arthritis has been late for work at a skilled, sedentary job every day for the last two months due to difficulty performing activities of daily living prior to work. To assist the client in maintaining employment, the rehabilitation counselor should refer the client to a(n): - -Occupational therapist. Clients with rheumatoid arthritis often have significant difficulty performing routine activities of daily living (ADL). The profession most focused on serving clients with ADL problems is occupational therapy. Elements of O*NET include: - -Skills inventory, occupation matching, and occupational characteristics. The purpose of O*NET is to serve as an online, searchable, and interactive resource to learn about a variety of occupations in the U.S. workforce. It allows users a variety of means to search for jobs based on their skills, tools and technologies used, links to other job databases, and also by simply entering the name of an occupation. O*NET does not serve as a source of information on disability benefits, training provider organizations, or open job listings. The Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors stipulates when working in a consulting capacity, a rehabilitation counselor should: - -Be reasonably certain that he/she has the necessary competencies to serve in that capacity. The Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors has a section addressing Relationships with Other Professionals and Employers. In that section, there is a Standard that states "Rehabilitation counselors provide consultation only in areas in which they are competent. They make reasonable efforts to ensure they have the appropriate resources and competencies. Rehabilitation counselors provide appropriate referral resources when requested or needed." A reference in written or spoken language to "an individual with a disability" rather than "a disabled individual" is an example of: - -People-first language. The goal of people-first language is to focus