HISTORY
1. LIBERALISM US. ABSOLUTISM
A) POLITICAL LIBERALISM: it is a political and moral philosophy
based on the defense of freedom and individual rights. It also
Supports the equality of citizens before the law, the national
Soverignity (power citizens not in the king) and the separation
of powers. Its organization is conditioned by a basic Law
or constitution.
B) ECONOMIC UBERALISM it is an economic system that delivered
from phisiocracy. Its motto was: "let do, let pass" (caisser faire,
(aisse passer). The main theorician Adam Smith, established
its principles:
- State separated from economy
Freedom of bussiness
→ Law of supply and de wand (explanation)
C) AGE OF REVOLUTIONS : After the congress of Vienna many revolutions
took place. This people had a liberalist feeling, but some of
them a nacionalist one too. The wave of 1820 affected Southern
Europe. In Spain the Liberal triennium (1820-1823) was imposed;
and in Greece they began a war of ludependence against the
Turks. This was was due to:
• Greeks high taxes, excluded administration.
independence in Epidaurus (1822)
• Declared
• They got help from France, G.B and Russia, so they could reach
their independence in 1830.
In the 1830 wave, France King Charles & wanted to restore absolutism,
so he was expelled and succeded by Louis Phillip. He became a consti-
tutional king. In Poland there were revolts against Russia but
they were defeated. In Belgiven the revolts against the Dutch were
succesful and they gained their independence in 1839.
, In the wave of 1848, the revolts had a nationalist component teo, the main
events were:
The Second Republic proclaimed in France due to a popular, uprising.
1
It adopted the universul wale suffrage. However, in 1851 a coup d'estate
of Louis Napoleon established the second empire.
• in the Austrian Empive the revolts in Hungary and Bohemico caused
the fall of Matternich and the begenning of a liberal government.
• In Italy, the king of Piedmont tried to unify the Italian Peninsula
but he was defeated by the Austrians (Novara, 1848).
2. NEW STATES 19th C.
• NATIONALISM: it is the ideology that empasizes loyality, devotion
or alliance to a nation and its territories. In Europe therere were 3
empires that had loads of territories inside them. This regions
fought for their independence.
• Italy unification during 1848 Haly was divided in 7 kingdoms.
They wanted to unify the country but they didn't know how to
proceed. Twey had 2 candidates to lead the process:
1859-
1861
-The Pope Pius IX, but he refused to fight the Austrians.
-D The King of Piedmont. Governed by the house of Savoy (closen).
There were 3 stages in the Italian unification:
1870,
•• First stage: Piedmont and his prime minister got the support
of France. The Austrians were deated (Magenta and Solferino)
so Italy got lombardy and central Italy, in the South
Giribaldi expelled the Bourbons so Naples and Sicily were anexed
1866 [ Hay
got Venice after the battle at Sadowa (1866)
Third stage: In 1870, the unification of Italy was
completed after the conquest of Rome (french
defeat at Sedan).
1. LIBERALISM US. ABSOLUTISM
A) POLITICAL LIBERALISM: it is a political and moral philosophy
based on the defense of freedom and individual rights. It also
Supports the equality of citizens before the law, the national
Soverignity (power citizens not in the king) and the separation
of powers. Its organization is conditioned by a basic Law
or constitution.
B) ECONOMIC UBERALISM it is an economic system that delivered
from phisiocracy. Its motto was: "let do, let pass" (caisser faire,
(aisse passer). The main theorician Adam Smith, established
its principles:
- State separated from economy
Freedom of bussiness
→ Law of supply and de wand (explanation)
C) AGE OF REVOLUTIONS : After the congress of Vienna many revolutions
took place. This people had a liberalist feeling, but some of
them a nacionalist one too. The wave of 1820 affected Southern
Europe. In Spain the Liberal triennium (1820-1823) was imposed;
and in Greece they began a war of ludependence against the
Turks. This was was due to:
• Greeks high taxes, excluded administration.
independence in Epidaurus (1822)
• Declared
• They got help from France, G.B and Russia, so they could reach
their independence in 1830.
In the 1830 wave, France King Charles & wanted to restore absolutism,
so he was expelled and succeded by Louis Phillip. He became a consti-
tutional king. In Poland there were revolts against Russia but
they were defeated. In Belgiven the revolts against the Dutch were
succesful and they gained their independence in 1839.
, In the wave of 1848, the revolts had a nationalist component teo, the main
events were:
The Second Republic proclaimed in France due to a popular, uprising.
1
It adopted the universul wale suffrage. However, in 1851 a coup d'estate
of Louis Napoleon established the second empire.
• in the Austrian Empive the revolts in Hungary and Bohemico caused
the fall of Matternich and the begenning of a liberal government.
• In Italy, the king of Piedmont tried to unify the Italian Peninsula
but he was defeated by the Austrians (Novara, 1848).
2. NEW STATES 19th C.
• NATIONALISM: it is the ideology that empasizes loyality, devotion
or alliance to a nation and its territories. In Europe therere were 3
empires that had loads of territories inside them. This regions
fought for their independence.
• Italy unification during 1848 Haly was divided in 7 kingdoms.
They wanted to unify the country but they didn't know how to
proceed. Twey had 2 candidates to lead the process:
1859-
1861
-The Pope Pius IX, but he refused to fight the Austrians.
-D The King of Piedmont. Governed by the house of Savoy (closen).
There were 3 stages in the Italian unification:
1870,
•• First stage: Piedmont and his prime minister got the support
of France. The Austrians were deated (Magenta and Solferino)
so Italy got lombardy and central Italy, in the South
Giribaldi expelled the Bourbons so Naples and Sicily were anexed
1866 [ Hay
got Venice after the battle at Sadowa (1866)
Third stage: In 1870, the unification of Italy was
completed after the conquest of Rome (french
defeat at Sedan).
