CHP Exam #1, Top Questions with accurate answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+

CHP Exam #1, Top Questions with accurate answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ critical thinking involves ______ - -rational evaluation (T/F) Experienced philosophers or other specialists in their fields never make mistakes in reasonings - -False what types of arguments should you avoid? - -weak, invalid and irrelevant (T/F) critical thinking should include biases or emotions - -false what are the ultimate objectives of thinking critically? - -to make wise decisions to come to correct conclusions (T/F) A belief can be expressed in a sentence that is either true or false - -true what is the result of expressing a belief, judgment, or opinion in a declarative sentence? - -a claim (T/F) "Apple pie taste better than banana pudding" is an objective claim - -false (T/F) Neil Armstrong was America's greatest hero" is a subjective claim - -true (T/F) statements can never contain both objective and non-objective elements - -false in this text, is an opinion the same as a belief? - -yes the method used to come to correct conclusions is to evaluate our thinking by standards of _______. - -rationality (T/F) whether an objective claim is true or false depends on whether people think it is true or false - -false the tendency to weight negative evidence more heavily than positive evidence is called __________ bias - -negativity an ________ presents a consideration for accepting a claim - -argument the _________ heuristic involves unconsciously assigning a probability to a type of event based on how often on think of events of that type - -availability ________ is the idea that if a person thinks something is morally wrong, then it is morally wrong for that person and he/she does not need to consider any further truth - -moral subjectivism is Allysa older than Malik? does this question raise an issue? - -yes which of the following question qualify as something one could not begin to settle? "is everything really one?" "is there an identical you in a different dimension?" "who invented the light bulb?" "do gamma rays exist?" - -"is everything really one?" "is there an identical you in a different dimension?" the two parts of an argument are ________. - -premise and conclusion the part of an argument that provides a reason for accepting the other part is called the ____________. - -premise the tendency to evaluate reasoning by the believability of its conclusion is called ___________. - -belief bias a tendency to have higher opinions of people within our social circle than of people outside it, is known as? - -in-group bias a general rule we unconsciously follow in estimating probabilities is called a _________. - -heuristic (T/F) human psychology does not affect the beliefs we have - -false this is a bias in which a person overestimates his or her knowledge or abilities - -overconfidence effect when are you entitled to say you know something - when you have no reason to believe you are mistaken - when you have good reason to believe you are mistaken -when you do not have solid evidence for believing it -when you have solid evidence for believing it - --when you have no reason to believe you are mistaken -when you have solid evidence for believing it almost all the students in the class believe they were in the top 50% of the class on the midterm. what bias were the students subject to? - -better-than-average illusion this is the tendency to carry out orders from a superior without question - -obedience to authority what bias is in effect when someone unconsciously tends to align his or her beliefs with those of other people? - -bandwagon effect (T/F) unconscious features of psychology can affect human mental processes - -true experiencing more pain over losing $100 than pleasure over gaining $1000 is an instance of _________. - -loss aversion Chen and her friends are very health conscious and are careful to only eat organic foods. she assumes that most people are similarly concerned about their health habits. Chen has fallen victims to the _________________. - -false consensus effect _______________ are properties of objective propositions like beliefs, opinions, and claims - -truth and falsity a sweeping generalization based on a single vivid report is called - -generalizing from anecdote assuming that society in general shares the views held by us and the people we know is the ______________ effect. - -false consensus a term used in economics that demonstrates that people are more likely to avoid a loss than accrue a gain is called __________. - -loss aversion what are the two parts of an argument - -premise and conclusion (T/F) The statement "philosophy is great!" is an argument - -false "Harold is a twin. therefore, Harold has a sibling." what is the unstated premise? - -All twins have siblings in a deductive argument, the premises ______ the conclusion. - -demonstrate an argument is ________ if it is not possible for the premise to be true and the conclusion false. - -valid which of these words indicates a premise? therefore hence since consequently - -since when the premises of a valid argument are true, then the argument is said to be __________. - -sound the premises of an inductive argument are intended to _______ the conclusion - -prove the more support the premise of an inductive argument provides for the conclusion, the (stronger or weaker) the argument - -stronger in an inductive argument, when the premises do not adequately support the conclusion, the argument is _______. - -weak what type of reasoning involves weighing considerations for or against making a certain decision? - -balance of considerations this type of reasoning compares alternative hypotheses to find the one with the best predictive accuracy. - -inference to the best explanation a deductive argument __________. - -proves or demonstrates the conclusion