CPCE/NCE Exam Prep, question sections coverage, graded A+, latest update.

CPCE/NCE Exam Prep, question sections coverage, graded A+, latest update. Erik Erikson 8 stages of psychosocial development - -Trust vs Mistrust (, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, Integrity vs. Despair. Vertical Interventions - -counselor works with individuals within the group Holland's Hexagonal Model - -shows the relationship between the personality types and environments. Konrad Lorenz - -researcher who focused on critical attachment periods in baby birds, a concept he called imprinting ego psychologists - -believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior ego - -the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. Logical, rational, utilizes power of reason and control to keep impulses in check. Piaget's stages of cognitive development - -1. sensorimotor 2. preoperational 3. concrete operational 4. formal operational Rosenthal - -Psychodynamic theories focus on unconscious processes rather than cognitive factors when counseling clients. Freudian Stages - -Oral Stage = Birth to 1 1/2 years Anal Stage = 1 1/2 to 3 years Phallic Stage = 3 to 6 years Latency Stage = 6 to puberty Genital Stage = Puberty onward psychopharmacology - -the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior; impact on psychological functioning. Psychodiagnostic - -The study of personality through interpretation of behavior or nonverbal cues; utilizes diagnostic criteria in DSM-V. In Freud's psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erickson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists - -believes in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior. The ego is logical, rational, and utilizes the power of reasoning and control to keep impulses in check. Rosenthal Theory - -A self-fulfilling prophecy is a sociological term used to describe a prediction that causes itself to become true. Therefore, the process by which a person's expectations about someone can lead to that someone behaving in ways which confirm the expectations. The only psychoanalyst who created a development theory which encompasses the entire life span was: a. Erik Erikson b. Milton H. Erickson c. AA Brill d. Jean Piaget, who created the four-stage theory - -Erik Erikson - 8 stages of in which each stage represents a psychosocial crisis or a turning point throughout the life span. The statement "the ego is dependent on the id" would most likely reflect the work of a. erik erikson b. Sigmund Freud (Psychodynamic Theory) c. Jay Haley d. Arnold Lazerus, William Perry and Robert Kegan. - -Sigmund Freud - Psychodynamic Theory In Freudian theory, the id and ego serve what purpose and what is it known for? - -Id is called the pleasure principle and houses animalistic instincts. The ego, which is the reality principle, is pressured by the id to succumb to pleasure or gratification. What is Jay Haley known for? - -His work in strategic and problem solving therapy, often utilizing the technique of paradox. What is Milton H. Erickson known for? - -Associated with brief psychotherapy and innovative techniques in hypnosis. What is Robert Perry known for? - -His ideas related to adult cognitive development, especially regarding college students. Define dualistic thinking - -dividing information, values, and authority into right and wrong, good and bad. Dualism has been referred to as black and white thinking and no ambiguity. Define relativistic thinking - -Viewing all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought. Aware of a diversity of opinions on many topics, they gave up the possibility of absolute truth in favor of multiple truths, each relative to its context Robert Kegan Theory - -his model stresses interpersonal development, it is billed as a constructive model of development, meaning and individual constructs realist throughout their entire life span. idiographic approach (Freud & Piaget) - -approach to personality that focuses on identifying the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experiences within a person idiographic theorists - -can be contrasted with nomothetic approaches such as behaviorism or the DSM where large numbers of people are studied to create general principles that apply to the population. Jean Piaget's idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is - -sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations. Some behavioral scientists have been critical of the Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget's developmental research inasmuch as (limitation) - -because his finding were often derived from observing his own children