ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate 2023 passed

ONS Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate 2023 passed3 major phases of cell division: Interphase Mitotic phase Cytokinesis 3 steps of interphase: First growth phase (G1) Synthesis phase (S phase) Second growth phase (G2) 4 phases of mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Innate immunity: Non-specific response, either: 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut) 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages) Adaptive immunity: Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including: 1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins) 2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells) 3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses) Define mutations Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene 3 main goals of treatment: Cure Control Palliation Define neoadjuvant therapy Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor Define adjuvant therapy Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur Define conditioning/preparative therapy Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation 2 types of conditioning therapies: Myeloablative Nonmyeloablative Define dose density Drug dose per unit of time Define dose intensity Amount of drug delivered over time How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the standard regimen How do alkylating agents work? By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death 3 subcategories of alkylating agents: 1. Nitrogen mustards 2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly) 3. Nitrosoureas