NHA EKG Testing Study cards Questions and Answers

Weakness, syncope, vertigo and low BP - ANSWER-What are three symptoms of Bradycardia? Palpitations, rapid heart rate, (betw. 100-180 bpm) low BP - ANSWER-What are three symptoms of Tachycardia? Premature Atrial Contraction - ANSWER-What is a PAC? A PAC (Premature Atrial Contractions) Atrial tissue that is irritated by caffeine, stress, or tobacco. - ANSWER-How is a PAC caused? P wave is abnormally shaped. - ANSWER-What does PAC look like on EKG strip? Premature Ventricular Contractions. - ANSWER-What does PVC stand for? Premature heartbeats from the ventricles. - ANSWER-What happens during a PVC? Palpation's in the chest and neck. May feel like heart has stopped for a short moment in time. - ANSWER-What are the symptoms of a PVC? Previous heart attacks, electrolyte imbalance, stimulants, pulmonary disease, hypoxia, or certain medications. - ANSWER-What are three causes of a PVC? QRS is wider and more bizarre in shape. - ANSWER-What does a PVC look like on EKG strip? When there are 3 or more PVC's. (Heart rates are over 100 BPM.) - ANSWER-When does Ventricular Tachycardia (V Tech) occur? Palpitations, Vertigo, SOB, Chest pain, Angina, weak pulse, syncope. - ANSWER-What are 3 symptoms of V Tech? QRS Complexes are wide and oddly shaped. - ANSWER-What does The EKG strip of V Tech look like? Ventricular Fibrillation, produced by electrical sites firing at the same time and results in the quivering of the ventricles, but no contraction of the muscles. - ANSWER-What happens when V Fib occurs? Most life threatening. Electrical malfunction in the ventricles. - ANSWER-What happens in V Fib? Just scribbles, no P waves or QRS Complexes. - ANSWER-What does the Rhythm strip look like for V Fib? False, it means sinus arrest get help immediately. - ANSWER-Asystole means you are having heart pains. (True or False). False, caused by patient movement. - ANSWER-Somatic Tremors are caused by sweat or lotion on the patients skin. (True or False) False, caused by sweat or lotion on the patients skin. - ANSWER-A wandering baseline is caused by the stylus going up and down to find the signal (True or False) True. - ANSWER-60 Cycle interference is caused by electrical appliances or apparatus being used nearby while the tracing is taken. (True or False) True - ANSWER-A broken recording is when the stylus is going up and down trying to find the signal. (True or False) Middle. - ANSWER-What layer of the heart is the Myocardium? Innermost layer - ANSWER-What layer of the heart is the Endocardium? Outermost (sac) layer of the heart. - ANSWER-What is the Pericardium? Epicardium. - ANSWER-Which layer of the heart are the Coronary Arteries located? Lubb, the first sound heard when taking the blood pressure. - ANSWER-What is S1? To slow SA Node (Pacemaker) and HR, slows electricity conduction in AV Node. - ANSWER-What is the job of the Parasympathetic (Vagus Nerve). Increase the HR, increase force of contraction, increase BP, increase diameter of blood vessels and the visceral blood flow. - ANSWER-What are 3 the jobs of the sympathetic neurotransmitter? The blood volume ejected outside of the ventricles after each contraction. - ANSWER-What is stroke volume? (Pre-load) The greater the volume inside the heart during diastole, the stronger the contraction force during systole. (Stroke Volume) - ANSWER-What is "Starling law?" Stroke Volume x HR per/ min. - ANSWER-What is the formula to calculate Cardiac Output? The force extended against the blood flow. The lower the vascular resistance, the less force needed to eject the blood out of the heart during systole. - ANSWER-What is Peripheral Vascular Resistance? The force exerted to pump the blood on the walls of the arteries. (Cardiac output x Vascular Resistance). - ANSWER-Define Blood pressure. A graphical presentation of the heart's electricity over time. - ANSWER-What is an EKG (ECG)? True - ANSWER-Automaticity is the ability to spontaneously trigger electrical impulses without being stimulated by another source. (True or False) Ability to respond and react to a stimulus. - ANSWER-Define Excitability: Conductivity. - ANSWER-Ability to receive and transmit electrical impulses to adjacent cells is called what? A myocardial cells ability to shorten or contract in response to a stimulus. - ANSWER-What is Contractility? A positively charged ions (such as sodium and calcium) rapidly move from cell membranes which changes the charge from negative to positive resulting in a contraction of the heart muscle. - ANSWER-Define Depolarization: After Depolarization, the movement of positively charged ions returning to their original polarized state. - ANSWER-Define Repolarization: First phase of Repolorization, myocardial cells are unable to react to any electrical stimulus. - ANSWER-Define: Absolute Refractory Period Second phase of Repolorization in which a strong enough electrical stimulus might cause new depolarization and contraction. - ANSWER-Define: Relative Refractory Period False, it is located in the upper most part on the right side of the right atrial wall. - ANSWER-The SA Node is located in the bottom right side of the heart. (True or False). True. - ANSWER-Another name for an EKG is a Galvanometer. (True or False) Lead 1, Lead 11 (2), and Lead 111 (3) - ANSWER-What are the standard bi-polar leads? 5 mm - ANSWER-If 0.04 seconds is represented as 1 mm, then what is 0.02 seconds of time for a rhythm strip amount to in millimeters? 25 mm/sec - ANSWER-What is the proper running speed for an EKG strip? True - ANSWER-The vertical axis on the EKG strip represents voltage, (True or False) Time - ANSWER-The horizontal axis represents _________? 1 mv - ANSWER-On the vertical axis how much area is covered by 2 large squares? Waveform. - ANSWER-The movement away from the isoelectric line with either an upward (positive) deflection or downward (Negative) deflection is a ______. Segment - ANSWER-A line between two waveforms is a ________? Interval - ANSWER-A wave form plus a segment is a _______ ? Complex. - ANSWER-Several waveforms are called a __________ Repolarization of the Purkinje fibers and if it is prominent it is due to Hypokalemia (low Potassium blood level) - ANSWER-What does a U wave represent? Normal equal P waves and QRS complexes but longer diastolic pauses. - ANSWER-With sinus bradyacardia, what would you expect to see on the rhythm strip? Diastolic pause is short if not non-existent. - ANSWER-With sinus tachycardia, what would you expect to see on the rhythm strip? During diastolic pause, each pause is different in length. - ANSWER-With sinus arrhythmia, what would you expect to see on the rhythm strip? The atria firing electrical impulses after normal firing of the SA Node. HR regular between 100-150 bpm - ANSWER-Atrial Tachycardia (AT) is caused by ___________. Electrical impulses that pass through a passage other than the AV Node. - ANSWER-AV Reentry Tachycardia (AVNRT) is caused by_________ Atrial Tachycardia (AT), Atrial Flutter, A Fib, Ventricular Tachycardia, and V Fib. - ANSWER-What are the most dangerous arrhythmia's? Vertical planes that separate one side from the other of the body. - ANSWER-Sagittal planes are: Separating the body into a right half and a left half. - ANSWER-Midsagittal planes slice the body for different types of tests by________. False, they divide the body into front and back portions. - ANSWER-Frontal planes separate the body in three places (True or False) True - ANSWER-The Traverse plane divides the body horizontally into an upper section and lower section of the body. (True or False) A delay or interruption of the electric impulse conduction beyond the AV Node. - ANSWER-What are AV Blockers? A delay of impulses at the level of the AV Node. - ANSWER-What is a type 1 First Degree AV Block? PR Interval is prolonged (greater than 0.2 sec.) - ANSWER-What is shown on the rhythm strip on a type 1 first degree AV Block? True - ANSWER-A type 2 second degree AV Block has some of the impulses, but not all are blocked at the AV Node level. (True or False) P waves are not always followed by a QRS complex. - ANSWER-How does a type 2, second degree AV Block look on a rhythm strip? PR intervals are normal, until one QRS Complex disappears. - ANSWER-What is a type 1, second degree AV Block? More serious pathology. P waves have a constant PR Interval (2-3 P waves for each QRS Complexes.) - ANSWER-What is a type 2, second degree AV Block? True - ANSWER-A third degree AV Block is called a Complete Heart Block (CHB). (True or False) Impulses generated by the SA Node are completely blocked by time they get to the ventricular muscle fibers. - ANSWER-What causes a third degree AV Block? Atrial rate greater than ventricular rate, P waves are normal but no measurable PR Intervals. - ANSWER-What are 2 symptoms of a Third degree AV Block? (CHB) They reduce heart rate, and blood pressure. - ANSW