EMT EXAM 5, Top Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+

EMT EXAM 5, Top Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, graded A+ The least common but most serious illness caused by heat exposure, occurring when the body is subjected to more heat than it can handle and normal mechanisms for getting rid of the excess heat are overwhelmed, is: hyperthermia. heat cramps. heat exhaustion. heatstroke. - -d The organs most severely affected by air embolism are the: brain and spinal cord. brain and heart. heart and lungs. brain and lungs. - -a Which of the following statements regarding the brown recluse spider is NOT true? It is larger than the black widow spider. It lives mostly in the southern and central parts of the country. Venom is not neurotoxic. Bites rarely cause systemic signs and symptoms. - -a A 48-year-old male was stung on the leg by a jellyfish while swimming in the ocean. He is conscious and alert, but complains of intense pain at the wound site. Specific treatment for this patient includes: irrigating the wound with vinegar and immersing his leg in hot water. pulling the nematocysts out with tweezers and bandaging the wound. immersing his leg in fresh cold water and scraping away the stingers. applying a chemical ice pack to the wound and encouraging movement. - -a You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should: rewarm his foot in 100°F to 105°F (38°C to 40°C) water. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses. protect the affected part from further injury. - -d Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. head chest abdomen extremities - -a The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are: respiration and bradycardia. perspiration and tachycardia. sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels. hyperventilation and tachycardia. - -c A 20-year-old male was pulled from cold water by his friends. The length of his submersion is not known and was not witnessed. You perform a primary assessment and determine that the patient is apneic and has a slow, weak pulse. You should: suction his airway for 30 seconds, provide rescue breathing, keep him warm, and transport at once. ventilate with a bag-mask device, apply a cervical collar, remove his wet clothing, and transport rapidly. provide rescue breathing, remove wet clothing, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport carefully. apply 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, immobilize his spine, keep him warm, and transport rapidly. - -c You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should: move him as a unit to a supine position. begin ventilations with a barrier device. immediately secure him to a longboard. perform a jaw-thrust maneuver to open his airway. - -a While drinking beer with his friends near a creek, a 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include: applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly. transporting only with close, continuous monitoring. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting. - -d Determine the Apgar score in the following scenario. You arrive at the scene of a home delivery. Upon entering the scene, the father appears upset and hands you a limp baby. The child has a weak cry, is completely cyanotic, and has a pulse of 70 beats/min. Respirations are slow. 3 9 2 7 - -a When assisting ventilations in a newborn with a bag-mask device, the rate is _____ breaths/min. 20 to 30 30 to 50 35 to 45 40 to 60 - -d Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus is known as: eclampsia. placenta previa. abruptio placenta. prolapsed cord. - -c Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes: placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated. gently pulling on the infant's leg in an attempt to facilitate delivery. placing the mother in a recumbent position and rapidly transporting. carefully attempting to push the infant's leg off of the umbilical cord. - -a A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _______ seconds following birth. to 5 to 10 to 30 to 60 - -c You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the standard precautions, you should: apply 100% oxygen. place her on her left side. assess her for crowning. transport her immediately. - -c Pregnant women are advised to take iron supplements, such as prenatal vitamins, because: iron makes the blood clot faster, which protects the mother from excessive bleeding during delivery. the blood naturally thins during pregnancy, which predisposes the mother to severe bleeding. white blood cells decrease during pregnancy, which increases the mother's risk of an infection. pregnancy causes a decreased number of red blood cells, which predisposes the mother to anemia. - -d A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because: pregnant patients can dramatically increase their heart rate. pregnancy causes vasodilation and a lower blood pressure. pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume. blood is shunted to the uterus and fetus during major trauma. - -c The term "bloody show" is defined as: the small amount of pink-tinged mucus that is discharged from the vagina after expulsion of the mucous plug. mild vaginal bleeding that occurs within the first 30 minutes after the onset of the second stage of the labor process. the normal amount of vaginal bleeding that occurs within the first 24 hours following delivery of the baby and placenta. any volume of blood that is expelled from the vagina after the amniotic sac has ruptured and contractions have begun. - -a A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing scant vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should: place her in a left lateral recumbent position. position her supine and elevate her legs 12″. carefully place sterile gauze into her vagina. assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. - -a If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at: 7:53. 7:57. 7:59. 8:00. - -b Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? 82 mm Hg 88 mm Hg 90 mm Hg 98 mm Hg - -a Saying their first word, sitting without support, and teething are initially noticed in what age group? 0 to 2 months 2 to 6 months 6 to 12 months 12 to 18 months - -c A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. - -b An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should: be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more albuterol. begin immediate ventilation assistance and ensure that you squeeze the bag forcefully in order to open her bronchioles. begin chest compressions if she becomes unresponsive and her heart rate falls below 80 beats/min. - -a child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should: perform abdominal thrusts. visualize the child's airway. perform a blind finger sweep. give oxygen and transport at once. - -a A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts. - -b Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. 3 4 5 6 - -a You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should: apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full spinal precautions, and transport. insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and transport to the closest trauma center. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, obtain baseline vital signs, apply full spinal precautions, and perform a secondary assessment. assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center. - -d You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should: begin immediate rescue breathing. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. open his airway and look in his mouth. - -b Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? Because of a child's proportionately large head, they are more prone to spinal cord injuries than adults. The majority of cervical spine injuries in children are partial transections of the spinal cord, resulting in partial paralysis. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head. - -d You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula. - -c A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. You should: place her supine and elevate her legs. monitor her airway and give oxygen. determine why the ingestion occurred. give 12.5 to 25 g of activated charcoal. - -b You are responding to the dementia unit at a nursing home for respiratory distress. When you arrive, you notice that the patient is experiencing mild dyspnea and has an altered mental status. What can you do to help determine if the patient's altered mental status is appropriate for her underlying dementia? As long as the patient is alert and able to answer most questions, there is no need to determine if this is normal behavior. Ask the patient's roommate if this is normal behavior for the patient. Find a staff member who can explain the patient's underlying mental status to you. Because the patient already has dementia, there is no need to investigate this further. - -c You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: acute hyperglycemia. a subdural hematoma. acute ischemic stroke. diabetic ketoacidosis. - -b Patients who have experienced even minor-appearing head injuries should be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they: have minor abrasions to the head area. are taking blood-thinning medications. do not have deformities to the skull. have a history of Alzheimer disease. - -b You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid