AQA A Level Chemistry : Organic Synthesis and Mechanisms

Name the mechansm when KCN reacts with bromomethane to form ethanenitrile Nucleophilic Substitution Name the mechanism when aqueous :OH- reacts with bromomethane to form methanol Nucleophilic substitution 00:05 01:36 Name the mechanism when :NH3 reacts with bromomethane to form methanamine Nucleophilic substitution What is a nucleophile ? An electron lone pair donor What are the conditions for the nucleophilic substitution by a :OH- ? Reflux Ethanolic halogenoalkane Aqueous solution of NaOH What are the conditions for the nucleophilic substitution by a :CN- ion? Reflux Ethanolic halogenoalkane Aqueous KCN solution What are the conditions for the nucleophilic substitution by :NH3 ? Ethanolic halogenoalkane Conc. NH3 solution Excess NH3 In sealed container under pressure What is the name of the mechanism when :OH- react with halogenoalkanes to form alkenes? Elimination What are the conditions for elimination by :OH- ? Reflux Ethanolic halogenoalkane Ethanolic KOH solution NO WATER PRESENT Name the mechanism for the reaction between halogens and alkanes to form halogenoalkanes Free radical substitution What is the necessary condition for free radical substitution? UV light (sunlight) Why is UV light necessary in free radical substitution? Cl2 absorb energy Cl-Cl bond breaks symmetrically Forms free radicals What is a free radical? An atom or group with an unpaired electron What is homolysis fission? The breaking of a covalent bond to produce 2 free radicals