IOP1503 EXAM PACK 2023

IOP1503 TESTBANK FOR 2021 (include exam and assignment questions and answers) Environmental Psychology 1. research has proven that culture affects not only the languages and customs of people, but also the way people experience the world. 1) Brain 2) Cultural 3) Environmental 4) Behavioural Reference: Section 3.2.2 on page 41 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 2. As an environmental psychology practitioner, you may be asked to assist organisations in tackling and managing the issue of employee privacy. is what happens when a person’s information relating to private matters has been publicly disclosed without his or her consent. 1) False light 2) Public disclosure of private facts 3) Appropriation 4) Intrusion Reference: Study task on page 94 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 3. Coping refers to the ability to . 1) evaluate the alternatives involved 2) acquire knowledge of consequences 3) source resources prior to experience 4) prevent, avoid or control emotional stress Reference: Section 4.2.3.2 on page 61 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 4. Several psychological factors should be taken into account when designing workspaces that are not related to the physical design, but rather to their psychological impact they have on the workers. Which one of the options below is not a psychological factor? 1) Relaxation. 2) Identity. 3) Socialisation. 4) Stimulation. Reference: Section 7.2.3.3 on page 113 (Study guide under Additional Resources) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 5. syndrome refers to a collection of health problems linked to substances generated in office environments. 1) Ill-office 2) Office health 3) Sick-building 4) Ambient stressor Reference: Section 4.3.3.1 on page 69 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 6. The term “urbanisation” used in environmental psychology refers to . 1) high population density 2) practices that facilitate a place or region’s progress towards the goal of sustainable living 3) high population volumes 4) the movement of people from rural to urban areas and the growth of urban areas Reference: Section 5.3 on page 79 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 7. “The region surrounding a person which he or she regards as psychologically his or hers” is a definition of . 1) space allocation 2) territoriality 3) psychological space 4) personal space Reference: Section 6.4.1 on page 97 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 8. Privacy is an interpersonal boundary-control process by means of which we regulate contact with others. In this context, “selective control” refers to . 1) a dialectic process of opening and closing the self to others, thereby regulating contact 2) whether others will be permitted to join in and the type of intervention we wish to exhibit 3) particular forces that cause us to approach some for interaction and to avoid others so as to be alone 4) acquiring a balance between too much and too little privacy Reference: Section 6.3.1 on page 93 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 9. is one of the described psychological factors that impacts on workers which should be taken into account when designing workspaces. 1) Temperature 2) Identity 3) Manageability 4) Lighting Reference: Section 7.2.3.3 on page 113 (Study guide under Additional Resources) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 10. is a room or space assigned to a team which includes permanent project elements, such as work preparation tables, competitive data and timelines on walls, etcetera. 1) A meeting room 2) A war room 3) A cave 4) Hotelling Reference: Section 7.2.3.2 on page 111 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 11. Which one of the following is not an advantage that a person experiences when territoriality has been achieved? 1) A pleasant setting. 2) A feelings of control. 3) Regulated usage. 4) A sense of wellbeing. Reference: Section 6.2.2 on page 91 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 12. When comparing rural living, which one of the following is not an issue of the urban environment impacting on the physical, social and psychological functioning of people? 1) The slow pace of living. 2) The incidence of crime. 3) People avoiding eye contact with strangers. 4) Noise pollution. Reference: Section 5.3.1 on page 80 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 13. An architect designing an office and an ergonomist seeing to it that the equipment and the lighting in the offices are up to standard, while an environmental psychologist assesses the psychological impact on the employees, is an example of . 1) environmental design 2) a systematic interrelationship 3) multidisciplinary science 4) behavioural science Reference: Section 1.2 on page 5 (Study guide under Additional Resources) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 14. is a process by which we regulate our contact with others, and choose to be open or closed off (especially when we wish to be alone). 1) Privacy 2) Territoriality 3) Personal space 4) Hotelling Reference: Section 6.3.1 on page 93 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 15. Perceptual refers to what occurs when the way we view or perceive a situation is completely incorrect often as a result of previous experience, culture, gender or background. 1) miscalculation 2) inaccuracy 3) mistake 4) error Reference: Section 3.1 on page 39 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 16. Designing offices to have natural light coming in from well-placed windows, thereby decreasing the need for artificial lighting, is an example of a design. 1) beneficial 2) green 3) communal 4) social Reference: Section 1.6.7 on page 18 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 17. occurs in situations of high population density where personal space is at a premium and is a source of environmental stress. 1) Lack of privacy 2) Population density 3) Crowding 4) Territoriality Reference: Section 5.4 on page 85 (Study guide under Additional Resources) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 18. Working spaces may vary, including how we share that space. The is a type of workspace with a rectangular table for two or four people with high partitions on three sides. The open side makes it easily accessible, while the high other sides provide a degree of privacy and intimacy. 1) touchdown space 2) booth 3) cave 4) storage space Reference: Section 7.2.3.2 on page 111 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 19. Environmental refer(s) to the way we acquire, store, organise and recall information about our environment. 1) attitudes 2) influences 3) perception 4) cognition Reference: Section 3.3 on page 43 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 20. The theory as used in environmental psychology refers to the environment as being full of sensory information that guides our behaviour. 1) stress 2) arousal 3) control 4) stimulus Reference: Section 2.2.1 on page 23 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 21. In environmental psychology, the term “environment” is defined by authors Veitch and Arkkelin as any natural setting, human-made setting or work setting. Which one of the following examples cannot be included in this definition? 1) A human being. 2) A cafeteria. 3) An aeroplane cockpit. 4) The beach. Reference: Section 1.3.1 on page 6 (Study guide under Additional Resources) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 22. Systematic interrelationship is one of the key terms used when evaluating the definition of environmental psychology, and it refers to . 1) the kind of behaviour a person exhibits in an office 2) the effect of cramped work environments on the execution of a specific task 3) orderly, predictable relationships between dependent systems 4) employees’ reactions to certain environmental stimuli Reference: Section 1.2 page 4 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 23. is an interpersonal boundary-control process by means of which we regulate contact with others. 1) Territoriality 2) Personal space 3) Privacy 4) Alternative workspace Reference: Important concepts on page 102 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 24. Which one of the following defines a flexible work area that is designed to support work that is either space saving or space neutral? 1) Alternative workplace strategies. 2) Personal space. 3) Public space. 4) Privacy. Reference: Important concepts on page 102 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 25. Anonymity refers to a person wishing to be among others but not wishing to be personally identified. It is a form of . 1) privacy 2) intrusion 3) solitude 4) reservation Reference: Section 6.3.2 on page 95 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 1. Roger Barker studied the way in which certain environments and places influence our behaviour. This is known as theory. 1) control 2) arousal 3) stimulus 4) behavioural setting S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace Reference: Section 2.2.5 on page 25 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 2. Sustained life on earth is a characteristic of . 1) recycling 2) populations 3) ecosystems 4) individual organisms Reference: Section 1.4.1 on page 10 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 3. is an example of the stress-relieving factor that may assist in stress reduction where a strong network such as friends and family helps the person cope with stress. 1) Relaxation 2) A hardy personality 3) Social support 4) Attitude Reference: Section 4.2.6 on page 64 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 4. Lighting, sound, floor space and the openness of the layout and architectural design are examples of the . 1) psychological factors that affect performance 2) prevailing models of stress at work 3) characteristics of the physical environment of work affecting personality 4) elements in the physical workspace that can be identified as affecting a fit or misfit between the person and environment Reference: Study task on page 71 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 5. Which one of the following is not a way of conserving energy? 1) Recycling products. 2) Throwing used goods away. 3) Developing an energy-saving attitude. 4) Re-using discarded products. Reference: Case study on page 125 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 6. Developments that provide hope for a sustainable future in Africa in general and South Africa in particular include political developments such as democratisation and . 1) reduced foreign aid 2) rising crime statistics 3) the empowerment of global communities 4) the empowerment of local communities S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace Reference: Section 8.4 on page 125 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 7. A fruit farmer in Mpumalanga putting up “no trespassing” signs and electric fencing around his property to keep the local community from taking the fruit without permission in order to protect his harvest is an example of behaviour. 1) territorial 2) ownership 3) possessive 4) occupancy Reference: Section 6.2 on page 89 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 8. The types of distances associated with personal space have a close and far phase, which represent the distance zones between two people. space is a zone used by speakers and their audiences such as a lecturer speaking to a group of 30 or 40 people. 1) Social 2) Intimate 3) Public 4) Personal Reference: Section 6.4.2 on page 98 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 9. Which one of the following is not an appropriate environmental psychology value that is important for environmental best practices? 1) Disregard for tradition. 2) Protecting the environment. 3) Unity with nature. 4) Awareness of a world of beauty. Reference: Section 8.5.1 on page 131 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 10. The goal of workplace design is to provide spaces that allow people to do their jobs with maximum effectiveness and comfort. Which one of the following does not support the work of groups? 1) Collaborative design. 2) Link communities. 3) Open proximity. 4) Creation of a community. Reference: Section 7.2.3.3 on page 111 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 11. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002, five areas of sustainable development were identified. Which one of the following is not one of those areas? 1) The reduction of hazardous waste materials. 2) The reduction of land degradation. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 3) Increased use of renewable energy resources. 4) Increased housing possibilities. Reference: Section 8.4 on page 124 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 12. The way in which workspace is designed and occupied affects not only how people feel, but also their work performance, their commitment to their employer and the creation of in the organisation. 1) dependency 2) interaction 3) employment opportunities 4) new knowledge Reference: Study task on page 108 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 13. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, disease and injury that are determined or influenced by factors in the environment, which includes . 1) the impact of industry on agricultural economy and health 2) housing, urban development, land use and transportation 3) the usage of chemical, physical and biological agents 4) those aspects of human health that are influenced by environmental factors Reference: Section 1.4.1 on page 8 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 14. Using tiles not bricks to pave a hallway outside a hospital is an example of design because, although bricks are popular for paving, a brick floor is uncomfortable and painful for patients when they are transported over it. 1) beneficial 2) communal 3) green 4) social Reference: Section 1.6.8 on page 18 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 15. The initial gathering of information on our environment by using our senses is called environmental . 1) stimuli 2) conditioning 3) acclimatisation 4) perception Reference: Section 3.1 on page 39 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 16. A colleague at work or a friend who smokes close to you, while you are a non-smoker, is an example of which type of stressor? S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 1) An ambient stressor. 2) A conditional stressor. 3) A daily stressor. 4) A health stressor. Reference: Section 4.2.4 on page 62 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 17. refers to the number of individuals per given unit of land (usually square kilometres). 1) Lack of privacy 2) Population density 3) Overcrowding 4) Territoriality Reference: Section 5.2 on page 76 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 18. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of territoriality? 1) It is a relatively stationary area. 2) Defence is the characteristic response to intrusion. 3) Its focal point can be the home. 4) Its boundaries are invisible. Reference: Section 6.2.1 on page 91 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 19. must be systematic, public, repeatable, quantifiable, reliable and valid. 1) The stimulus theory 2) Behaviour mapping 3) Observation techniques 4) The ecological theory Reference: Section 2.4.3 on page 35 (Study guide under Resources) 20. According to the theory, the environment imposes real or perceived limitations on the person. 1) behaviour setting 2) arousal 3) stress 4) stimulus Reference: Important concepts on page 36 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 21. is/are an example of the physiological processes that occur in a stressful situation. 1) The secondary appraisal procedure 2) The alarm reaction 3) Emotional outbursts 4) The cognitive process S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace Reference: Section 4.2.3.1 on page 60 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 22. Which one of the following does not explain a body’s physical reaction to stressful situations? 1) The release of adrenaline which provides added energy. 2) Rising blood pressure to provide less energy to the body. 3) The release of blood sugar which provides added energy. 4) Rising blood pressure to provide more oxygen to the body. Reference: Section 4.2.3.1 on page 60 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 23. Which one is not one of the behavioural theories that are important when trying to find out what has caused certain behaviour in a particular environment? 1) Overload theories. 2) Arousal theories. 3) Stimulus theories. 4) Motivation theories. Reference: Section 2.2 on page 22 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 24. theory is a behavioural theory that explains the effect of too much stimulation such as excessive exposure to cold. 1) Motivation 2) Stimulus 3) Overload 4) Stress Reference: Section 2.2.2 on page 23 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 25. is a small space with a network and power connection, and possibly a telephone. It is likely to be used for a short period of time. 1) Cave space 2) Huddle space 3) Touchdown 4) Desk sharing Reference: Section 7.2.3.2 on page 110 (Study guide under Additional Resources) 1. Environmental psychology as a field of study examines . 1) reduced stress and increased productivity 2) the physical and social dimensions of the environment 3) overcrowding, traffic congestion and noise 4) human behaviour and wellbeing in relation to the environment Reference: Section 1.1 page 3 (See Additional study guide) 2. Kurt Lewin’s formula for understanding environmental psychology states that S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace behaviour is a function of the person and his or her environment. What does the “P” stand for? 1) Personality. 2) Person. 3) Place. 4) Psychology. Reference: Section 1.6.1 page 54 (See Official study guide) 3. Rating scales can be defined as , and used when doing research in environmental psychology. 1) the relationship or association between two or more variables associated with a natural event or real-world situation 2) carefully controlled conditions designed to eliminate the influence of non-related variables 3) instruments used when people are asked to provide information on their opinions, beliefs, behaviours and attitudes 4) instruments that require the rater to assign the number that is considered to reflect their perceived value Reference: Section 2.8.3 page 72 (See Official study guide) 4. Lighting, sound, floor space and the openness of the layout and architectural design are examples of . 1) psychological factors that affect performance 2) prevailing models of stress at work 3) characteristics of the physical environment of work affecting personality 4) elements in the physical workspace that can be identified as affecting fit or misfit between person and environment Reference: Section 4.5.5 page 100 (See Official study guide) 5. Which one of the following is not one of the current trends influencing environmental psychology? 1) Environmental upgrading. 2) Resource depletion. 3) Human behaviour. 4) Population trends. Reference: Section 1.8 page 58 (See Official study guide) 6. Which one of the following statements is not one of the issues with open-plan offices? 1) Open-plan offices are supposed to facilitate positive work-related behaviour. 2) Open-plan offices are supposed to improve communication and supervisory control. 3) The overall perceptions of employees in open-plan offices tend to be negative. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 4) The overall perceptions of employees in open-plan offices tend to be positive. Reference: Section 4.3.5 page 71 (See Additional study guide) 7. Primary, secondary and public human territories are categorised as such by what factor? 1) The value of the property to the individual. 2) The permanence of the territory. 3) The degree of ownership and access. 4) The centrality of the territory to one’s personal life. Reference: Section 6.3.1 page 112 (See Official study guide) 8. Designing spaces to have natural ventilation, thereby decreasing the need for air- conditioning which uses less electricity, is an example of design. 1) beneficial 2) communal 3) green 4) social Reference: Section 1.9.4 page 60 (See Official study guide) 9. The General Adaptation Model developed by Hans Selye is a handy way of understanding the reaction to stress. 1) psychosocial 2) physiological 3) psychological 4) biophysical Reference: Section 4.4.4 page 91 (See Official study guide) 10. “The region surrounding a person which he or she regards as psychologically his or hers” is a definition of . 1) space allocation 2) territoriality 3) psychological space 4) personal space Reference: Section 6.5.1 page 115 (See Official study guide) 11. Raising a white-coloured flag to show that we no longer wish to fight is an example of a(n) influence on environmental perception. 1) environmental 2) physical 3) cultural 4) personal S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace Reference: Section 3.2.3 page 42 (See Additional study guide) 12. The stimulus theory as used in environmental psychology refers to . 1) the environment as being full of sensory information that guides our behaviour 2) the behaviour of a person within that environment 3) stimulation received during childhood experiences 4) the fact that how we act or behave in an environment depends on how stirred up we are Reference: Section 2.5.1 page 65 (See Official study guide) 13. If the trend continues, the earth will become increasingly overcrowded. 1) sound 2) population 3) crime 4) resource Reference: Section 5.7 (Summary) page 108 (See Official study guide) 14. Which one of the following is not part of the definition of environmental perception? 1) A highly complicated process. 2) The collection of information through our senses. 3) The stimuli in the environment assessment. 4) The initial gathering of information. Reference: Section 3.3.1 page 77 (See Official study guide) 15. Environmental stress is defined as the irritations and frustrations of everyday living that we all experience. Which one of the following is not one of the major aspects of the physical setting that can affect employees? 1) Radiance. 2) Space. 3) Temperature. 4) Sound. Reference: Section 4.1.1 page 88 (See Official study guide) 16. For the purposes of environmental psychology, how is noise defined? 1) Sound over which one has control. 2) Unwanted frequency. 3) Sound above 100 dB. 4) Unwanted sound. Reference: Section 4.5.1 page 95 (See Official study guide) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 17. Behavioural science studies the interaction between the and the . 1) human; setting 2) human; science 3) crowd; environment 4) human; environment Reference: Section 1.5 page 53 (See Official study guide) 18. The theory is explained by the following example: Students in a study hall cannot concentrate because the teacher’s phone keeps ringing and one of the overhead lights is broken so the lighting is extremely poor. As a result, the students become frustrated and do not study for their examinations. 1) control 2) behavioural setting 3) arousal 4) stimulus Reference: Section 2.5.1 page 65 (See Official study guide) 19. is/are an example of the physiological processes that take place in a stressful situation. 1) The alarm reaction 2) Emotional outbursts 3) The cognitive process 4) The appraisal process Reference: Section 4.4.4 page 91 (See Official study guide) 20. syndrome refers to a collection of health problems linked to substances generated in office environments. 1) Ill-office 2) Office health 3) Sick-building 4) Ambient stressor Reference: Section 4.5.3 page 98 (See Official study guide) 21. In environmental psychology, the term “environment” is defined by authors Veitch and Arkkelin as any natural setting, human-made setting or work setting. Which one of the following examples cannot be included in this definition? 1) A human being. 2) A cafeteria. 3) An aeroplane cockpit. 4) The beach. Reference: Section 1.6 page 54 (See Official study guide) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 22. Environmental psychologists study the ways in which people and the physical environment influence each other. The definition of this “systematic interrelationship” is . 1) the kind of behaviour a person exhibits in an office 2) the effect of cramped work environments on the execution of a specific task 3) orderly, predictable relationships between dependent systems 4) employees’ reactions to certain environmental stimuli Reference: Section 1.5 page 53 (See Official study guide) 23. Which one is not one of the behavioural theories that are important when trying to find out what has caused certain behaviour in a particular environment? 1) Overload theories. 2) Arousal theories. 3) Stimulus theories. 4) Motivation theories. Reference: Section 2.5 page 65 (See Official study guide) 24. According to Gifford (2007), environmental psychology is committed to research that subscribes to . 1) best employer practices 2) seasonal affective disorder 3) the fact that it considers the person and setting to be a holistic entity 4) the cognitive process Reference: Section 1.5 page 52 (See Official study guide) 25. Personal, cultural and physical will have an effect on how we perceive the environment. 1) influences 2) reactions 3) activities 4) personalities Reference: Section 3.4 page 78 (See Official study guide) 1. The depletion of resources and the deterioration of the environment are reasons for the increased interest in environmental psychology. Is this statement True or False? 1) True. 2) False. Reference: Section 1.8 page 58 (See Official study guide) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 2. As an environmental psychology practitioner, you may be asked to assist organisations in tackling and managing the issue of employee privacy. is what happens when a person is publicly misrepresented, which is highly offensive to any reasonable person. 1) False light 2) Public disclosure of private facts 3) Appropriation 4) Intrusion Reference: Study task on page 94 (See Additional study guide) 3. Coping refers to the ability to . 1) evaluate the alternatives involved 2) acquire knowledge of consequences 3) source resources prior to experience 4) prevent, avoid or control emotional stress Reference: Section 4.4.4 page 92 (See Official study guide) 4. Several psychological factors should be taken into account when designing workspaces that are not related to the physical design, but rather to their psychological impact on workers. Which one of the options below is not a psychological factor? 1) Relaxation. 2) Identity. 3) Socialisation. 4) Stimulation. Reference: Section 7.2.3.3 page 113 (See Additional study guide) 5. A theory that assumes that people’s actions and behaviour depend on how stirred up they are is theory. 1) stimulus 2) stress 3) arousal 4) control Reference: Section 2.5.2 page 66 (See Official study guide) 6. The term “urbanisation” is defined by the United Nations as . 1) high population density 2) practices that facilitate a place or region’s progress towards the goal of sustainable living 3) high population volumes 4) the movement of people from rural to urban areas with population S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace growth equating to urban migration Reference: Section 5.5 page 106 (See Official study guide) 7. Bursting into tears during an argument with someone is an example of which one of the following attitude components? 1) Cognitive. 2) Situational. 3) Conative. 4) Affective. Reference: Section 3.6.1 page 81 (See Official study guide) 8. Privacy is an interpersonal boundary-control process by means of which we regulate contact with others. In this context, “selective control” refers to a situation where we as individuals . 1) experience particular forces that cause us to approach some for interaction and to avoid others to be alone, depending on time and situations 2) decide with whom to interact, and whether others will be permitted to join in on the type of interaction we wish to engage in 3) desire a great deal of social contact, but have achieved little 4) acquire a balance between too much and too little privacy Reference: Section 6.4.1 page 114 (See Official study guide) 9. According to Veitch and Arkkelin (1995), the psychological process of stress refers to your mental and reaction. 1) alarm 2) coping 3) emotional 4) exhaustion Reference: Section 4.4.4 page 91 (See Official study guide) 10. is a room or space assigned to a team which includes permanent project elements, such as work preparation tables, competitive data and timelines on walls, etcetera. 1) A meeting room 2) A war room 3) a cave 4) Hotelling Reference: Section 7.4.3 page 125 (See Official study guide) 11. Resources relating to humans, such as their skills and abilities, are referred to as _______ resources. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 1) continuous 2) renewable 3) extrinsic 4) non-renewable Reference: Study task on page 77 (See Additional study guide) 12. When comparing rural living, which one of the following is not an issue of the urban environment impacting on the physical, social and psychological functioning of people? 1) The slow pace of living. 2) The incidence of crime. 3) People avoiding eye contact with strangers. 4) Noise pollution. Reference: Section 5.3.1 page 80 (See Additional study guide) 13. An architect designing an office and an ergonomist seeing to it that the equipment and the lighting in the offices are up to standard, while an environmental psychologist assesses the psychological impact on the employees, is an example of . 1) an environmental design 2) a systematic interrelationship 3) multidisciplinary science 4) behavioural science Reference: Section 1.5 page 53 (See Official study guide) 14. Which one of the following statements describes a non-sustainable city? 1) The motor vehicle culture dominates. 2) Local renewable energy sources are used. 3) Food is also produced in the city. 4) Motor vehicles are not mainly considered in the planning of the city. Reference: Section 5.5.2 page 107 (See Official study guide) 15. Environmental psychologists deal with environmental problems such as . 1) pollution 2) workplace design issues 3) sustainability 4) All of the above Reference: Section 8.4 page 131 (See Official study guide) 16. An office design that benefits the people who work and live in an environment by incorporating their needs into the design of the building is known as a S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace design. 1) beneficial 2) green 3) communal 4) social Reference: Section 1.9.5 page 60 (See Official study guide) 17. occurs in situations of high population density where personal space is at a premium and is a source of environmental stress. 1) Lack of privacy 2) Population density 3) Crowding 4) Territoriality Reference: Section 5.6 page 107 (See Official study guide) 18. Working spaces may vary, including how we share that space. The is a type of workspace with a rectangular table for two or four people with high partitions on three sides. The open side makes it easily accessible, while the high other sides provide a degree of privacy and intimacy. 1) touchdown space 2) booth 3) cave 4) storage space Reference: Section 7.4.3 page 125 (See Official study guide) 19. Environmental refer(s) to the way we acquire, store, organise and recall information about our environment. 1) attitudes 2) influences 3) perception 4) cognition Reference: Section 3.5 page 79 (See Official study guide) 20. Raising awareness through environmental psychology awareness programmes aimed at all levels of education, from schools to universities, as well as the general public, is an example of . 1) improved management 2) training and development 3) best business practices 4) participation of stakeholders Reference: Section 8.6.1 page 134 (See Official study guide) S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 21. describes how content an individual is with his or her own job. 1) Job empowerment 2) Employee involvement 3) Job satisfaction 4) Employment equity Reference: Section 7.4.2 page 124 (See Official study guide) 22. refers to the degree to which the research measures what it claims or intends to measure. 1) Cognition 2) Validity 3) Observation 4) Reliability Reference: Section 2.4.1 page 32 (See Additional study guide) 23. A quality of being dependable, trustworthy or consistent is known as . 1) validity 2) reliability 3) private 4) experiential Reference: Section 2.4.1 page 32 (See Additional study guide) 24. The goal of workplace design is to provide spaces that allow people to do their jobs with maximum effectiveness and comfort. is/are a workplace design principle that encourages people to work together and feel like a group. 1) Proximity 2) A motivating work environment 3) Meeting rooms 4) Supporting the work of groups Reference: Section 7.2.3.3 page 112 (See Additional study guide) 25. An employee who decorates her workspace with pictures of her family, who seeks to be part of a group and gains recognition and praise from others is in need of a sense of . 1) socialisation 2) belonging 3) identity 4) stimulation Reference: Section 7.2.3.3 page 113 (See Additional study guide) Coping refers to the ability to 1. prevent, avoid or control emotional stress. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 2. source resources prior to experience. 3. acquire knowledge of consequences. 4. the evaluation of alternatives involved. Kurt Lewin’s formula for understanding environmental psychology states that behaviour is a function of the person and his or her environment. What does the “P” stand for? 1. Place. 2. Personality. 3. Person 4. Psychology. 1. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, disease, and injury that are determined or influenced by factors in the environment, which incudes 1. those aspects of human health that are influence by environmental 2. the usage of chemical, physical and biological agents. 3. housing, urban development, land use and transportation. 4. the impact of industry on agricultural economy and health. Stimulus theories explain the environments as 1. when there is too little or too much stimuli. 3. the assumption that how we act or behave depends on how stirred up we are. 4. the role of the body, emotions and thinking in person-environment interaction. Primary, secondary and public human territories are categorized as such by what factor? 1. The centrality of the territory to one’s personal life. 3. Permanence of the territory. 4. The value of the property to the individual. is a type of privacy. This type of privacy involves the creation of a psychological barrier against intrusion which means that a person wishes to limit communication about him/herself with others when in public or in private. 1.Solitude. 2.Intimacy. 3.Anonymity. 4.Reserve. The General Adaptation Model developed by Hans Selye is a very handy way of understanding the reaction to stress. 1. biophysical 2. psychological 4. psychosocial 3. physiological. physiological 2. full of sensory overload that guides our behaviour. 2. The degree of ownership and access. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace Raising a white-coloured flag to show that we don’t want to fight anymore is an example of a/an influence on environmental perception. nal ral onmental Research findings into temperature and productivity of office employees indicate that performance is . 1.Better when the weather is somewhat warmer than usual. 2. Worse when the weather is somewhat warmer than usual. 4. Worse when the weather is a bit colder than usual. 2. The initial gathering of information on our environment by using our senses is called 1. environmental perception 2. environmental acclimatization. 3. environmental conditioning. 4. environmental stimuli. 3. is a process by which we regulate our contact with others, when we choose to be open or closed off from others. 2. Solitude 3. Isolation 4. Closure 4. Behavioural science studies the interaction between the and the 1. human; environment. 2. crowd; environment. 3. human; science. 4. human; setting. 5. The extent to which measurements provide consistent information is known as; whether those measurements actually measure what they claim to is 1. validity; reliability. 2. reliability; operationism. 3. operationism; validity. 4. reliability; validity 6. Which is not a characteristic of personal space? 1. Its boundaries are invisible. 2. The amount is individualised. 3. Withdrawal is the characteristic response to intrusion. 3. physical 3. Better when the weather is a bit colder than usual. 1. Privacy 4. It is stationary space. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 7. As an environmental psychology practitioner, you may be asked to assist organisations in tackling and managing the issue of employee privacy. arises when someone intentionally intrudes on another person’s private affairs or concerns and is considered to be highly offensive. 2. Appropriation 3. Public disclosure of private facts 4. False light 8. Cataclysmic events are those stressors which 1. occur suddenly and have some impact on a few people. 3. occur over long periods of time, have low impact and are present in daily life. 4. result in immediate death to those exposed to them. 9. A fruit farmer in Mpumalanga putting up “no trespassing” signs and electric fencing around his property to keep the local community from taking the fruit without permission in order to protect his harvest is an example of behaviour. 1. occupancy 2. possessive 3. ownership 4. territorial 10. As an environmental psychology practitioner, you may be asked to assist organisations in tackling and managing the issue of employee privacy. is what happens when a person is publicly placed misrepresented, which is highly offensive to any reasonable person. 1. Intrusion 2. Appropriation 3. Public disclosure of private facts 11. is a room or space assigned to a team which includes permanent project elements, such as work preparation tables, competitive data and timelines on walls, etc. 1. Hotelling. 2. Cave. 4. Huddle space. 12. Environmental psychologists study the ways people and the physical environments influence each other. The definition of this “systematic inter-relationship” is 1. Employee’s reactions to certain environmental stimuli. 3. The effect of a cramped work environment on the execution of a specific task. 4. The kind of behaviour a person exhibits in an office. 13. In guiding environmentally responsible actions there are two ways of dealing with 4. False light 1. Intrusion 2. occur suddenly and have a great impact on large numbers of people. 3. War room. 2. Orderly, predictable relationship between dependent systems. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace environmental problems, either through technological solutions or behavioural changes. Which of the following is not an example of a behavioural change? 1. Conservation of resources. 2. Decrease of littering which contaminate the environment. 4. Decrease dumping of industrial waste into rivers and lakes. 14. How workspace is designed and occupied affects not only how people feel, but also their work performance, their commitment to their employer, and the creation of in the organisation. 2. employment opportunities 3. interaction 4. dependency 15. What does the term “environmental degradation’’ mean? 1. The impact of cities on the natural environment. 2. Unsustainable practices. 4. The effect of humans on the natural environment. 16. According to the , the environment can limit or interfere with the behaviour of a person within that environment depending on how much power or influence that person has over it. 1. behaviour setting theory 2. stimulus theory 3. arousal theory 17. Designing offices to have natural light coming in from well-placed windows, thereby decreasing the need for artificial lighting, is an example of 1. social design. 2. communal design. 3. Green design 4. beneficial design. 1. Which of the following options are areas where environmental psychology will make a difference in improving the relationship between people and the environment and the functioning of people? 1. The push towards utilizing renewable sources of energy. 2. Ensuring that organisations practice ethical principles related to the long-term usage of the environment. 3. Assuring organisational success through making the organisation sustainable. 2. Light is important to our overall well-being and general health. People who encounter a 3. The depletion or destruction of potentially renewable resources. 3. Workplace design issues. 1. new knowledge 4. control theory 4. All of the above. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace lack of sunlight during winter often experience levels of depression, which is known as 1. ambient stressor syndrome. 2. lack of light depression. 4. winter depression disorder. 3. Which is not part of the definition of environmental psychology, according to Veitch and Arkkelin (1995)? 1. The issue of the multidisciplinary, which includes the many disciplines, involved in human interaction. 2. The issue of it being a behavioural science which focuses on the effect of the environment on people’s behaviour and vice versa. 4.The issue of the environment which is the setting in which the behaviour takes place. 4. According to Gifford (2007), when people believe that it is impossible or too difficult to regain control (that no matter how much effort the put in they won’t be successful) in overcoming an unpleasant or painful situation, it is referred to as . 1. a stressful situation. 3. negative behaviour setting. 4. loss of control. Resources related to humans, such as their skills and abilities, are referred to as resources. 1. continuous 2. renewable 3. extrinsic 4. non-renewable The goal of workplace design is to provide spaces that allow people to do their jobs with maximum effectiveness and comfort. Which of the following does not support the work of groups? 1. Creation of a community. 2. Open proximity. 3. Link communities. 4. Collaborative design. 5. In environmental psychology research terminology, variables do not refer to 2. noise, pollution, crowding and architecture. 3. a person’s abilities and personality. 4. relationships, activity or the type of task. 6. Gifford (2007) defines environmental attitudes broadly as the individual’s concern for the 3. seasonal affective disorder. 3. The issue of unpredictable relationships that exist between independent elements. 2. learned helplessness. 1. characteristics that describe the object being studied. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace physical environment. Which of the following is not a component of an attitude? 1. Cognitive. 3. Affective. 4. Conative. 2. Environmental stress is defined as the irritations and frustrations of everyday living that we all experience. Which of the following is not one of the major aspects of the physical setting, which can affect employees? 1. Sound. 2. Temperature. 3. Space. 4. Radiance 3. The theory is explained by the following example. Students in a study hall cannot concentrate because the teacher’s phone keeps ringing and one of the overhead lights is broken so the lighting is very poor. As a result, the students become frustrated and do not study for their examinations. 1. Stimulus 2. Arousal 3. behaviour setting 4. control 4. Environmentally responsible actions often seems difficult to do since business and economic development wants to push for progress, however, protecting the environment makes good business sense since there are several business benefits for organisations that pursue green business and sustainability. Which of the following is not such a benefit? 1. Reduced costs. 3. Positive public relations. 4. Employee morale. 5. In Kurt Lewin’s formula for understanding environmental psychology what does the “B’’ stand for? 1. Bridging. 2. Biology. 4.Bona fide. 6. Roger Barker studied how certain environments and places influence our behaviour. This theory is called 2. stimulus theory. 3. arousal theory. 4. control theory. 7. Which of the following areas is not a way in which we can conserve energy? 2. Green taxes. 3. Behaviour. 2. Appreciative. 1. behaviour setting theory. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 1. Re-using discarded products. 2. Developing a energy-saving attitude. 4. Recycling products. 8. To burst into tears during an argument with someone is an example which component of an attitude. 1. Cognitive. 2. Situation. 3. Conative. 4. Affective 9. When stress, tension and pain are caused by the improper designing of the job, equipment and workplace to fir the worker such as using of furniture incorrectly, this is referred to as 1. poor design. 2. poor ergonomics. 3. flawed design. 4. ergonomicality. 10. Working spaces can vary, including how we share that space. The is a type of workspace with a rectangular table for two or four people with high partitions on three sides. The open side makes it easily accessible, while the high other sides give a degree of privacy and intimacy (Becker & Steele, 1995; Marmot & Eley, 2000). 1. war room 2. meeting room 3. storage 11. is one of the described psychological factors that impact on workers which should be taken into account when designing workspaces. 1. Lighting 2. Manageability 4.Temperature 12. is an example of the stress relieving factor which may assist in stress reduction where a strong network such as friends and family helps the person cope with stress. 1. Attitude 3. Hardy personality 4. Relaxation 13. refers to the number of individuals per given unit of land area which put stress on the environment, society and resources. 3. Throwing used goods away. 4. booth 3. Identity 2. Social support S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 1. Territoriality 2. Overcrowding 4. Lack of privacy 14. When comparing rural-living to urban-living, which of the following is not an issue of the urban environment on the physical, social and psychological functioning of people as discussed by Veitch and Arkkelin (1995). 1. Noise pollution. 2. People avoid eye contact with strangers. 3. Incidence of crime. 15. Which of the following options are areas where environmental psychology will make a difference in improving the relationship between people and the environment and the functioning of people? 1. The push towards utilizing renewable sources of energy. 2. Ensuring that organisations practice ethical principles related to the long-term usage of the environment. 3. Assuring organisational success through making the organisation sustainable. 16. Which of the following statements is not one of the issues with open-plan offices? 2. The overall perceptions of employees in open-plan tend to be negative. 3. Open-plan offices are supposed to improve communication and supervisory control. 4. Open-plan offices are supposed to facilitate positive work-related behaviour. 4. Slow pace of living. 4. All of the above. 3. Population density 1. The overall perceptions of employees in open-plan offices tend to be positive. S - The study-notes marketplace Downloaded by: cleopatralatoyamaloma | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The study-notes marketplace 17. A study by Hedden and Gabrieli (2008) found that Western culture (e.g., North American) people think of themselves as highly independent entities. And when looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus on central objects more than on their su