Professional Nursing: Final Exam 2023 Questions and Answers

Chapter 11: The Science of Nursing, EBP, & Research - ANSWER- What is the Nursing process? - ANSWER-(ADPIE) Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation What do nurses do during the assessment stage? - ANSWER-Data gathering What do nurses do during the diagnosis stage? - ANSWER-Identify actual or potential problems, can be different than medical diagnosis What do nurses do during the planning stage? - ANSWER-Interventions, timeline, expected outcomes What do nurses do during the Implementation stage? - ANSWER-Communicate everything that will be done for the patient What do nurses do during the evaluation stage? - ANSWER-Re-adjust their plan and determine how successful they were What is objective data? Examples? - ANSWER-What you can see and observe Ex: Vital signs, sweating, grimacing What is subjective data? Examples? - ANSWER-What the patient tells you Ex: Headache, pain What is evidence based practice? - ANSWER-Integrating best evidence into practice and management, patient-centered care What are the three research approaches? - ANSWER-Basic, Applied, Outcomes How did Florence Nightingale contribute to research? - ANSWER-First researcher; Created National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), which funded nursing research What is the research process? - ANSWER-Plan or proposal Research problem statement Hypothesis Research design Research analysis What is Quantitative research? - ANSWER-Relationship between variables, statistical analysis, data is numbers What is Qualitative research? - ANSWER-Lived experience, data is words, observations What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)? - ANSWER-Participant Rights What are examples of the IRB? - ANSWER-Nuremberg Trials Tuskegee Syphilis Study Willowbrook Study What are research participant rights? - ANSWER-Confidentiality, privacy, self-determination, fair treatment, protection from harm What are barriers to EBP? - ANSWER-Lack of knowledge Limited time Nursing shortage Lack of resources Lack of leadership support What are the three components of EBP? - ANSWER-Research/ Evidence Patient values and preferences Practitioner experience What is the purpose of EBP? - ANSWER-Effective decision making Control costs Improve quality Improve patient outcomes What does PICOT stand for? - ANSWER-Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Timeframe What is the role of staff nurses in EBP? - ANSWER-Questioning current practice Reviewing studies Consumer of systemic reviews Apply evidence to their practice Participates in quality improvement Suggests solutions to problem based on evidence What is research? - ANSWER-Systemic investigation of a problem What is EBP? - ANSWER-Systemic review and appraisal of evidence (existing evidence) What is Quality Improvement (QI)? - ANSWER-Process to improve outcomes Chapter 12: Quality of Practice - ANSWER- What is Triple Aim? - ANSWER--Made by IOM to apply quality improvement Improve the health of the population Enhance the patient experience of care Reduce or control the per capita cost of care Define Safety - ANSWER-Freedom from accidental injury Ex: Falls, Wrong surgery What is Error? - ANSWER-Errors of planning or execution Ex: Medication error (Wrong dose, wrong time, wrong med) What is an Adverse event? - ANSWER-Unintended consequence Ex: Someone with a-fib given med to prevent blood clots (blood thinner)- patient develops stomach ulcer and bleeds out and dies- Right dosage and right timing was followed Define Misuse - ANSWER-Patient has allergic reaction to medication that wasn't prescribed Define Overuse - ANSWER-Patient sees many physicians who don't communicate with each other, they all prescribe many different medications that aren't compatible with each other Define Underuse - ANSWER-Don't see physicians, aren't getting preventive care- When they finally do seek health care, their condition is very advanced and they require much more care Define Near Miss - ANSWER-Catching the mistake before it happens, and fixing it Ex: Hanging wrong IV fluids but not starting it yet What is an Sentinel event? - ANSWER-A preventable event that results in serious injury or death Ex: Giving medication to wrong patient, which kills them What is a Root Cause Analysis? - ANSWER-Examining errors, figuring out what happened How do you analyze Root Cause Analysis as said by the Joint Commission? - ANSWER--What happened? -Why did it happen? -What were the most proximate factors? Ex: Human, equipment, interruptions, distractions -Which systems and processes underlie those proximate factors? Ex: Human resources, leadership, communication What is Just Culture? - ANSWER-A culture of safety and a blame-free work environment What are some safety issues for nursing staff? - ANSWER-Needle sticks Infections Ergonomics (lifting) Violence What are the National Patient Safety Goals? - ANSWER--Improve the accuracy of patient identification -Improve the effectiveness of communication around caregivers -Improve the safety of using medications -Improve the system of clinical alarm systems (alarm fatigue) -Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections -The hospital identifies safety risks inherent in its patient population What is the Joint Commission focused on? - ANSWER--Evaluate organizations and accredit them -Committed to CQI (Continued Quality Improvement) -Survey and visits -Standards (Environment of care and outcomes) What are National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators? - ANSWER-Examine performance based on clearly defined criteria, report cards What does Benchmarking mean? - ANSWER-Evaluating or checking something by comparison with another institution What are Standards of Care? - ANSWER-Minimum requirements that must be met in a certain situation, apart of policy Ex: Patient comes in with MI Chapter 6: Law and Ethics - ANSWER- What does the Nurse Practice Act do? - ANSWER--Defines practice professional nursing -Sets educational and other requirements for licensure -Determines legal titles -Provides for disciplinary action What is the MAIN goal of the Nurse Practice Act? - ANSWER-Protect the public's health, safety, and welfare What is the primary purpose of the Ohio Board of Nursing? - ANSWER-Actively safeguard the health of the public through the effective regulation of nursing care Who makes up the Ohio Board of Nursing? - ANSWER-8 RNs: Advanced practice nurse Staff nurse Educator Dialysis expert 4 LPNs Who may call themselves nurses? - ANSWER-RNs and LPNs only (with a current licensure) What is the NCLEX? - ANSWER-National nursing examination to obtain licensure What is Licensure by Endorsement? - ANSWER-RNs may practice in different states without repeating the licensing examination (must pay fee and submit proof of licensure in another state) What are Compact states? - ANSWER-Allows RNs to have one license yet practice in other compact member states, does not require application, has been adopted by 24 states What is Malpractice? - ANSWER-Greatest legal concern for nursing practice, does not have to be intentional What reasons can cause a nurse to be sued? - ANSWER-Failure to follow standards of care Failure to use equipment in a responsible manner Failure to communicate Failure to document Failure to assess and monitor Failure to act as a patient advocate