VCU Vick Bio 151 Test 1 Question 100% correct

VCU Vick Bio 151 Test 1 Question 100% correctHydrocarbons long chains of carbon with hydrogen surrounding carbons Amphipathic having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region Saturated Fatty Acid A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton. Unsaturated Fatty Acid A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton. Hydrophobic -Water fearing -tail with two fatty acid chains Hydrophilic -Attracted to water -head Mycelle single layer of phospholipid Liposome -2 layers -space filled with watery solution that touched the head in inner layer -tails are protected on inside fluid mosaic model model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane (fluid & mosaic) fluidity -refers to the viscosity of a lipid bilayer of the membrane that allows it to change shape. -long=more rigid less fluid -short=more fluid mosaic different types of molecules make up a membrane: -lipids, proteins, carbohydrates Transporters transport molecules across the membrane carrier proteins changes shape (conformational change) channel proteins "pore"/opening that may be gated aquaporins A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane integral proteins extend at least partially into the cell membrane transmembrane proteins extend all the way across the membrane peripheral proteins attach to the surface of the membrane (attach to the head of the phospholipids) passive transport -the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell -high to low concentration osmosis diffusion of water facilitated diffusion Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels active transport -requires energy/input (often ATP) -low to high conc. primary active transport ATP directly fuels transport of a molecule across the membrane secondary active transport ATP indirectly fuels transport of a molecule across the membrane & formation of electrochemical gradient electrochemical gradient electro: difference in charges across the membrane chemical: difference in concentration of a molecule across the membrane antiporter a transport protein that moves two substances in opposite directions across a membrane symporter a transport protein that moves two substances in the same direction across a membrane macromolecules A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules Endocytosis process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane Exocytosis Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material hypertonic solution A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution hypotonic solution A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution isotonic solution A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution endosymbiont theory explains that eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells nucleus A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum secretory protein synthesis Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum creates lipids or fat, calcium storage, detox(liver has lot of smooth ER) transitional endoplasmic reticulum products from smooth and rough ER bud off here in vesicles