NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions and Answers Complete 2023

NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions and Answers Complete 2023. The primary function of the nucleus in the cell is: a. Catalyze protein translation b. Package proteins for transport c. Manufacture of ATP d. Management of genetic material 6. The primary function of ribosomes is: a. Catalyze protein translation b. Package proteins for transport c. Manufacture of ATP d. Management of genetic material 7. The primary function of the Golgi complex is: a. Catalyze protein translation b. Package proteins for transport c. Manufacture of ATP d. Management of genetic material 8. The primary function of the mitochondria is: a. Catalyze protein translation b. Package proteins for transport c. Manufacture of ATP NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers d. Management of genetic material 9. Mr. Pasteur had his arm in a cast for six weeks. After the cast was removed, his arm was noticeably smaller. The size of the cells that make up the muscles in his arm was reduced. This is an example of: a. Metaplasia b. Dysplasia c. Atrophy d. Hypertrophy 10. Chronic hypertension requires that the heart pumps harder with each contraction. This means that the left ventricle experiences more stretch than usual. As a result, the cells increase in cell size. This is an example of of the cells of the ventricle: a. Metaplasia b. Dysplasia c. Atrophy d. Hypertrophy 11. Sickle cell anemia is a disorder of red blood cells in which the shape of the cell is different from that of normal red blood cells. This is an example of which of the following? a. Metaplasia b. Dysplasia c. Atrophy d. Hypertrophy 12. Roger has a history of Barrett’s esophagitis, a disease that involves exposure of the cells of the esophagus to stomach acids, causing a change from simple squamous cells to columnar squamous cells. This is an example of which of the following? a. Metaplasia b. Dysplasia c. Atrophy d. Hypertrophy 13. The - proteasome system is a mechanism that has been proposed for the pathology behind atrophy. a. Ubiquitin b. Probuiquitin c. Cesarean d. Ribosomal 14. A Polar molecule is a molecule that has: a. Equal sharing of electrons and electrical charge b. Unequal sharing of electrons and electrical charge NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers c. An overall positive charge d. Can resist the cold 15. According to the Brǿnsted-Lowry acid-base theory, the following is a characteristic of a strong acid. a. No dissociation in water b. Complete dissociation in water c. No reaction in water d. Become proton acceptors in water 16. Which of the following is the body’s primary buffer in the blood and the kidneys? a. Thiamine pyrophosphate b. Angiotensin converting enzyme c. Carbonic anhydrase d. Glucose-6-phosphate 17. Programmed cell death is the process called: a. Necrotizing fasciitis b. Hypoxia c. Apoptosis d. Ischemia 18. Starling’s forces are forces involved in the movement of fluid, secondary to the effects of: a. Osmosis b. Active transport c. Filtration d. Magic 19. In diabetes inspidus, patients excrete a large volume of dilute urine. Diabetes inspidus is a disease involving the mutation of proteins that are involved in the movement of water in and out of the cell. What are these proteins? a. Aquaporins b. Actins c. Bradykinins d. Histamines 20. Kate was drinking beer at her favorite bar and found herself constantly in line for the bathroom. What is the best physiological explanation for this? a. Alcohol promotes the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b. Alcohol blocks antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c. Alcohol relaxes the bladder d. Alcohol contains a lot of sodium 21. Keith Richards presented into the emergency department because of swelling in his legs, a process known as edema. He has a history of liver failure. In liver failure the body is inefficient at producing protein. The edema is likely a result of: NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers a. Increased oncotic pressure in the capillary b. Decreased capillary permeability c. Decreased oncotic pressure in the capillary d. A build-up of cytotoxins from the liver 22.Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune system. They are non-specific antimicrobials that serve as a non-specific first line of defense. One example are the class of peptides called : a. Lectins b. Complement c. Interleukins d. Defensins 23. One of the most venomous mammals known to man is the: a. Minke whale b. Honey badger c. Platypus d. Guinea pig 24. Opsonization is a process by which: a. Mast cells are degranulated to release histamine b. Antigens are identified by special protein tags c. Collagen is exposed, allowing for platelet interaction d. Proteins bind to antigens to negate the negative charge, allowing for phagocytic interactions 25. Activation of complement is one of the responses of the innate immune system. The classic pathway is a response to: a. A reaction to endotoxins produced by antigens b. A binding to the mannose residues on antigens c. The breakdown of fibrinogen d. The activation of antibodies 26. The first phagocytic cells to respond to exposure to an antigen are the: a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes c. Macrophages d. Eosinophils 27. This immunoglobulin is produced in mucosal linings, and can be found in tears, saliva, and the respiratory endothelium: a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgE 28. Gram + bacteria have a cell wall consisting of this primary feature: a. A capsid comprised of mostly proteins NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers b. A thin cell wall surrounded by lipid membrane c. A thick cell wall comprised of cellulose d. A thick cell wall of peptidal glycans and teichoic acid 29. A virus is similar to most bacteria except that they: a. Can cause infection b. Contain nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA c. Require a host cell for replication d. Can stimulate the immune response 30. These T-cells are lymphocytes that directly adhere to antigens and initiate apoptosis: a. T helper cells b. T cytotoxic cells c. T memory cells d. T rex cells 31. acids are a normal physiologic acid that are utilized in the formation of RNA and DNA a. Amino acids b. Lactic acids c. Nucelic acids d. Hydrochloric acids 32. The unit of measure for pH is : a. mm/Hg b. mg/mL c. There is no unit of measure d. Mcg/dL 33. The principle is the principle that a system in equilibrium that experiences a change in concentration, temperature, volume or pressure will counteract that change but shifting the equilibrium either to the right or to the left. a. Starling b. Belichick c. Poisson d. Le Chateliers 34. The primary intracellular cation is: . a. Bicarbonate b. Sodium c. Chloride d. Potassium NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers 35. The primary extracellular cation is: . a. Bicarbonate b. Sodium c. Chloride d. Potassium 36. The collectins are antimicrobial peptides that utilize to identify preserved, recognizable areas on pathogens/antigens in order to bind to them and initiate immune defenses. a. Pattern Recognition Receptors b. SMACs c. Complement d. Opsonization 37. Injury to the epithelial layer of a blood vessel reveals which is a subendothelial protein that can bind platelets and activate the immune system. a. Complement b. Opsonins c. Tissue factor d. Von Willebrand factor 38. A is a protein too small on its own to initiate an immune response unless it is coupled with a larger protein. Toxicodendron, the toxin in poison ivy is an example. a. Complement b. Antigen c. Allergen d. Hapten 39. is the first antibody to respond early in infection. An elevated level of this antibody suggests acute infection. a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgE 40. The is cell surface protein involved in identifying self from non-self. a. SMACs b. Tissue Factor c. Major Histocompatibility Complex d. Von Willebrand factor NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers A patient you are taking care of requires a blood transfusion of red blood cells. You know that all of the following are true about red blood cells EXCEPT: Selected Answer: They contain multiple nuclei to aid in replication in the bloodstream Answers: They carry oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body They contain multiple nuclei to aid in replication in the bloodstream They release nitric oxide to help relax constricted blood vessels They are biconcave in shape in order to increase their surface area This component of the hematologic system is a disc-shaped cytoplasmic fragment that can change its shape from a sphere to that containing pseudopods. It is active in the formation of clots and contains dense granules that can secrete ADP, serotonin and thromboxane. Selected Answer: Platelet Answers: Erythrocyt e Leukocyte Platelet Betaglobulin Polycythemia Vera is a disease process in which the bone marrow . Selected Answer: NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers Answers: Isn’t making any red blood cells Isn’t making any platelets Is making too many red blood cells Is making too many platelets A patient has been on your telemetry unit because of a diagnosis of chest pain and has been on heparin. On the third day of admission they have a very low platelet count, less than 100,000 (normal is 150,000 – 450,000). They have patches of purple like lesions called purpura and bled from their guns while brushing their teeth. The name for this disease is Selected Answer: Answers: Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia Polycythemia Vera Mononucleosis Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Reed Sternberg cells are associated with which hematologic cancer? Selected Answer: Hodgkins Lymphoma NRSG 3212 Patho Exam Final Review Questions & Answers Answers: Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Hodgkins Lymphoma Non Hodgkins Lymphoma This is an example of an endothelial-derived antimicrobial peptide: Selected Answer: Defensin Answers: Lectin Complem ent Interleuki n Defensin Activation of complement is one of the responses of the innate immune system. The classic pathway is a response to: Selected Answer: The activation of antibodies Answers: A reaction to endotoxins produced by antigens A binding to the mannose residues on antigens