UTA Nurs 5315 Mod 6 Dr. Gonzalez Exam Questions and Answes 2023

UTA Nurs 5315 Mod 6 Dr. Gonzalez Exam Questions and Answes 2023 Minute Ventilation is a ___________ - ANSWER Measure of how effective ventilation is RR x volume of air per breath Alveolar ventilation an only be assessed by measuring a __________ - ANSWER PaCO2 The ________ and the _____________ are located in the medulla and are responsible for controlling breathing patterns - ANSWER Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) Ventral respiratory group (VRG) Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located that monitor ? - ANSWER aorta and carotid arteries pH and PaO2 levels What is compliance used to describe? - ANSWER how easily the lungs and chest wall can be stretched ________ compliance means that the lungs and chest wall are difficult to inflate - ANSWER decreased Compliance ______ with COPD - ANSWER increases What are 4 things in which you would see decreased compliance? - ANSWER - acute respiratory distress syndrome - pneumonia - pulmonary edema - pulmonary fibrosis In normal physiology, the airway resistance is normally very ____ - ANSWER Low bronchoconstriction naturally ____________________ - ANSWER increases airway resistance caused by smooth muscles of PNS _____ distribution of ventilation and perfusion is required for effective gas exchange - ANSWER Equal The bases of the lungs are better perfused when in the _________________. - ANSWER upright position Ventilation is greater than perfusion in the _____ - ANSWER apices (very top) Perfusion is greater than ventilation in the _____ - ANSWER bases of the lungs What is the ventilation perfusion ratio? - ANSWER the relationship between ventilation and perfusion -normal ratio is 0.8=amount by which perfusion exceeds ventilation What is V/Q mismatch? - ANSWER Ideally, ventilation is matched to perfusion in order for adequate gas exchange. (normally with exercise V/Q approaches 1) - imbalance in ventilation and perfusion of the alveoli Apex of lung, V/Q = 3 (wasted ventilation) Base of lung, V/Q = 0.6 (wasted perfusion) *Both ventilation and perfusion are greater at the base of the lung* V/Q = 0 --> airway obstruction/shunt physiology (100% O2 does not improve PO2) PO2 - 40 PCO2 - 46 **Shunt physiology refers to an area of lung that is perfused with blood, but not receiving adequate ventilation --> thus the blood returning to the arterial system is not oxygenated** V/Q = infinity --> blood flow obstruction (Pulmonary Embolism PE) (assuming <100% physiologic dead space --> 100% O2 improves PO2 PO2 - 150 PCO2 - 0