ASU Bio 181 Exam 1 with 100% Correct Answers 2023

The paramecium discussed in class contained an organelle called the contractile vacuole. This is the presumed precursor of the: - Correct answer-kidney A cell that is anchorage-dependent for growth will also exhibit contact inhibition. - Correct answer-true In your own multicellular body, cells with different functions have different DNA. - Correct answer-false The contractile vacuole of the paramecium is possibly an evolutionary precursor of the kidney. - Correct answer-true The paramecium swims by way of using a flagella. - Correct answer-false In order to examine cells which are smaller than can be detected by the human senses what needs to be used? (pick the best answer). - Correct answer-tehcnology Compared to bacteria which of the cell types below are not responsible for finding food - Correct answer-Lymphocyte Macrophage Fibroblast A cancer cell will be anchorage-dependent for growth and immortal. - Correct answerfalse A normal cell is anchorage-dependent for growth and mortal. - Correct answer-true A cell that is itself an organism must have a minimum of four needs presented in lecture. List these four things. - Correct answer-a cell needs to find food, shelter, reproduce, and mate In your own multicellular body, different cells in your body have a division of labor between them - Correct answer-true What limits the paramecium from acquiring more complex functions? - Correct answerbio molecular machines Write a few sentences that explain what limits an individual cell from becoming more complex. - Correct answer-It has a limited number of biomolecular machines In Cell Biology what can limit the progress of science? - Correct answer-technology A single-celled eukaryotic organism: - Correct answer-Has a limited number of biomolecular machines. Must find food, shelter, a mate and reproduce Escape from predators Comparing a single-celled eukaryotic organism with a multicellular organism such as yourself identify the major difference from the list below. - Correct answer-Division of labor We are made up of ....% water - Correct answer-50-70% Explain how the vesicles are carried from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. - Correct answer-Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes and enter the rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) . Vesicles bud off from the rER and carry proteins to the Golgi. The Golgi modifies proteins, and then the vesicles bud off from the Golgi and carry modified proteins to the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane gets new lipids from: - Correct answer-None of the above. The ER is contiguous with the Golgi apparatus. - Correct answer-false Explain the evolutionary origin of mitochondria. - Correct answer-It is thought that a primitive proto-eukaryote engulfed a primitive proto-prokaryote good at making ATP and this organism lived inside this larger cell and began making ATP for the cell (endosymbiosis theory) What is the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid? - Correct answerTriglyceride has 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone and a phospholipid has two fatty acids plus a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone Amino acids can be largely subdivided into two groups. What are the two groups? - Correct answer-polar and nonpolar Facilitated diffusion uses a channel protein to let components move down their concentration gradient. - Correct answer-true If something is soluble in water a of hydration forms around it and it is termed ... - Correct answer-hydrophillic What are the two functions of a membrane? - Correct answer-To partition water and to compartmentalize enzymes to increase efficiency of chemical reactions Draw a phospholipid and make sure the numbers of carbons are clearly identified. - Correct answer- What is the difference between a single-pass transmembrane protein and a 7-pass transmembrane protein? - Correct answer-A 7 pass TMP can open up to allow things in or out of the cell whereas single pass TMPs cannot It is a simple matter (i.e., thermodynamically favorable) for a vesicle to form from the endoplasmic reticulum. - Correct answer-false When a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane the contents of the lumen of the vesicle are: - Correct answer-ligands that are used in cell communication cholesterol is .... to have in biological membranes - Correct answer-good For a protein to enter the endoplasmic reticulum as part of the endoplasmic reticulum's lumen or part of the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane: - Correct answer-A ribosome binds to the mRNA and a short stretch of protein is synthesized that contains a signal sequence. The ER is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. - Correct answer-true Explain the evolutionary origin of the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and vesicles. - Correct answer-Due to the endomembrane theory these organelles are thought to have formed from invaginations in the plasma membrane A single pass trans-membrane protein that is an alpha helix can make a channel. - Correct answer-false Active transport uses ATP to move components in parallel with their concentration gradient, that is: from a high concentration to a low concentration. - Correct answerfalse What are the orphaned organelles orphaned from? - Correct answer-Internal membrane flow (endomembrane system) Why is it important to know the limitations of technology? - Correct answer-Unable to view live cells under SEM magnification, Microscopy is limited with magnification. The presumed first step in the transition of the primitive, proto-prokaryotic cell into the primitive, proto-eukaryotic cell was the loss of the cell wall. - Correct answer-true Motility improved the fitness of these early cells because: - Correct answer-It allowed them to move away from predators and towards food. What limits how big a cell can be? - Correct answer-The surface area to volume ratio When cancer cells are crowded by surrounding cells, the cancer cells become spherical and they can still go through cell division - Correct answer-true In an extant prokaryotic cell, the outer boundary of life is the capsule. - Correct answerfalse The cytoskeleton gave rise to the nuclear envelope. - Correct answer-False Fluorescence microscopy is a form of light microscopy. - Correct answer-true The cytoskeleton enabled the primitive cell to become motile. - Correct answer-true Loss of the cell wall is required for the endosymbiotic theory. - Correct answer-true DNA in extant prokaryotic cells is circular. - Correct answer-true After a cell is pancake shaped in a cell culture dish, the order of events that occurs as a cell walks is (pick the best order): - Correct answer-Filapodia, lamellipodia, cell muscle, retraction fiber. TEM provides a thin, two-dimensional section of the object being studied. - Correct answer-true Loss of the cell wall was required for the endomembrane system theory. - Correct answer-true The end of the retraction fiber touching the cell culture plate still contains the cell equivalent of super-glue. - Correct answer-true It is presumed that the peroxisomes evolved in these primitive, proto-eukaryotes to remove oxygen, which was toxic to the primitive cells. - Correct answer-true The ancient earth did not contain much oxygen - Correct answer-True Finish the sentence based on my lectures: The association of ribosomes with .......invaginations would support the ........theory. - Correct answer-membrane, endomembrane Ribosomes bound to some of the membrane invaginations in the endomembrane theory. - Correct answer-true List one limitation of the cell culture technique. - Correct answer-1. Not all cells grow in culture 2. Cells lose their histotype (in vivo shape) and 3-D structure of tissue is changed 3. Metabolism likely changes A normal cell is ......and ........for growth. - Correct answer-mortal, anchorage-dependent Consider the geography of cells. Actin filaments are present in the cell's ......and the microtubules are present in the cell's ...... - Correct answer-Motility/cell muscle, filapodia, microvilli, cell cortex , cell interior, mitotic apparatus, cilia and flagella. The actin filament system extends outside of the cell. - Correct answer-false Molecular motors use ATP as the energy source to power the molecular motors. - Correct answer-true Heterochromatin does not exist in interphase nuclei. - Correct answer-false What does the nucleosomal core have in it (i.e., the basket ball like structure on the slides)? - Correct answer-two H2A two H2B two H3 two H4 combined by one H1 Where is the histone H1 found? - Correct answer-it is the "staple" used to bind together other histones which make up the nucleosomal core Cilia and microvilli contain a similar number of parallel actin filaments. - Correct answerfalse Which cytoskeletal filament system lines the inside of the nucleus to protect it? - Correct answer-Intermediate filament system The actin filament system is present in the nucleus. - Correct answer-false Naked DNA does not exist in Nature but scientists can make naked DNA in a test tube. - Correct answer-true Chromosomes are made out of Euchromatin. - Correct answer-true The diameter of an intermediate filament is 25 nm. - Correct answer-false Molecular motors run on which two cytoskeletal filament systems? - Correct answerActin Filament and Intermediate Filam