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Samenvatting Pathologie BMLT A. Leroy

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Samenvatting Pathologie BMLT A. Leroy

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Uploaded on
February 4, 2023
Number of pages
18
Written in
2020/2021
Type
Summary

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1 SKELET – SPIEREN – GEWRICHTEN
1)OSTEOPOROSE

- Botontkalking, botmassa 
- Inzakken wervels, fractuur


2)REUMATOIDE ARTRITIS (RA)

-  Reuma
-  Artrose = kraakbeen dunner  slijtage
- = Artritis = chronische ontsteking van synoviaal vlies
- Korte termijn  teveel aan TNF = tumor necrosis factor en IL-1 = interleukine 1
- Auto-immuunziekte
- B cellen
- Systeemziekte  ingrijpend op hele lichaam


3)JICHT

- Afzetting van uraat/urinezuurkristallen in de gewrichten
- > mannen
- Tophi = gewrichtsknobbeltjes


4)MUSCULAIRE DYSTROFIE VAN DUCHENNE

- X gebonden, recessieve, chronisch verlopende dystrofie van de gestreepte spieren
- Verzwakking onderste en bovenste ledematen
- Zelfstandig stappen stopt
- Jongens
- Erfelijk via moeder
- Deletie op Xp21.2 (dystrofine-gen)  tekort eiwit dystrofine
- Musculaire dystrofie van Duchenne  mutaties thv c-terminus of actine-bindingsplaats
- Musculaire dystrofie van Becker  mutaties die alpha helix korter maken




1

,2 ZENUWSTELSEL
1) VASCULAIRE AFWIJKINGEN: HERSENINFARCT

- = beroerte = CVA
- Hersenweefsel sterft af door afsluiting/scheur in slagaders nr hersenen
(onderbreking bloedtoevoer)
o Ischemisch door trombose of embolie, niet bloedig  herseninfarct 80%
 Trombose sluit bloedvat af  LOKAAL
 Embolie AANGEVOERD vanuit hart, aorta of halsslagaders  komt meer voor
o Hemorragisch, bloedig  hersenbloeding 20%
 Zwakke plek in vat barst open
 Intracerebraal of extracerebraal (subduraal of subarachnoidaal)
- TIA (= transient ischaemic attack)  tijdelijk zuurstoftekort in hersenen dat zich na tijdje
herstelt


2) INFECTIES: MENINGITIS

- Hersenvliesontsteking
o Viraal  meest voorkomend  minst gevaarlijk
o Bacteriële  minst voorkomend  meest gevaarlijk
- Meest bij zuigelingen


BACTERIËLE MENINGITIS
TOT 2 à 3 MAAND 3 MAAND TOT 12 JAAR
E. Coli Haemophilus influenza
(ook luchtweginfecties/middenoorontstekingen/
ontstekingen van strotklep)
Salmonella Neisseria meningitidis = meningococcen G-
(meest frequent, vroeger H infl maar Hib vaccin)
(type A, B, C, W, Y)
Citrobacter koseri
Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pneumoniae = pneumococcen G+
(ook luchtweginfecties/middenoorontstekingen)
Enterococcus faecalis
Listeria monocytogenes

VIRALE MENINGITIS
Echovirus
Bofvirus
Coxsackievirus
Herpes simplex

ANDERE VERWEKKERS
Cryptococcus neoformans Plasmodium falciparum




2

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