Edexcel A Level Geography (9GE0) Paper 02 Mark Scheme 2022

Edexcel A Level Geography (9GE0) Paper 02 Mark Scheme 2022. Emerging powers are seeking access to resources as their nation based resources are being to run out or they are no longer economically or environmentally viable. • Emerging powers and superpowers have been active in searching out resources using TNCs as an instrument of extending their control, but this is politically sensitive as agreements are sought with foreign governments that may lack the support of many of their own people (e.g. Nigeria). • Emerging and existing powers use both soft and hard power to establish control of resources (China in Angola) and this results in political challenges and tensions between superpowers. • The procurement of physical resources can lead to political disputes over their exploitation through invasion and conquest of territory e.g. Russia and Crimea or by claiming offshore resources through the extension of a country’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) e.g. Arctic oil and gas. • Political implications for emerging and current superpowers could be determined by the degree of overlapping spheres of influence e.g. South and East China Sea has significant oceanic energy resources which are contested by China and USA. • There are concerns over China’s exploitation of African nations for their natural resources in order to aid China’s development. • There is a rise in internal political challenges with regards to the use of natural resources e.g. fracking in the UK, use of Tar Sands in Canada. • The current economic crisis has led to rising prices of resources leading to countries review their energy/food security. This has potential political implications with regards to the way that countries choose to resolve this. Assessment • There are concerns regarding the increasing interdependence between China and Africa, as this could significantly alter political power in the future and the potential implications for current global powers. • Governments of the emerging powers need to legitimise their power by maintaining economic growth or they will face internal political challenges that may lead to change. As a result, they are seeking resources in order to ensure economic growth is consistent. • Governments face an environmental vs economic balancing act if they wish to achieve greater sustainability now and in the future. Accept any other appropriate response Level Mark Descriptor 0 No rewardable material. Level 1 1–4 • Demonstrates isolated elements of geographical knowledge and understanding, some of which may be inaccurate or irrelevant. (AO1) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas, making limited logical connections/relationships. (AO2) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas to produce an interpretation with limited relevance and/or support. (AO2) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas to make unsupported or generic judgements about the significance of few factors, leading to an argument is unbalanced or lacks coherence. (AO2) Level 2 5–8 • Demonstrates geographical knowledge and understanding, which is mostly relevant and may include some inaccuracies. (AO1) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas logically, making some relevant connections/relationships. (AO2) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas to produce a partial but coherent interpretation that is mostly relevant and supported by evidence. (AO2) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas to make judgements about the significance of some factors, to produce an argument that may be unbalanced or partially coherent. (AO2) Level 3 9–12 • Demonstrates accurate and relevant geographical knowledge and understanding throughout. (AO1) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas logically, making relevant connections/relationships. (AO2) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas to produce a full and coherent interpretation that is relevant and supported by evidence. (AO2) • Applies knowledge and understanding of geographical information/ideas to make supported judgements about the significance of factors throughout the response, leading to a balanced and coherent argument. (AO2) Question number Answer Mark 3(a(i) AO1 (2 marks)/AO2 (1 mark) Award 1 mark for analysing the resource to identify one reason for the differences in the levels of adult unemployment and a further 2 marks for expansion up to a maximum of 3 marks. For example: • Fewer people have education qualifications in Hyson Green (1) so people lack the skills required for many jobs/ can only access low skill jobs (1) which makes it harder to find a job/ there is more competition for suitable jobs (1). • Unemployment may be lower in Wollaton Park due to the presence of high quality schools (1) this means students are leaving schools which appropriate qualifications (1) allowing them to access a range of employment opportunities (1). • Structural unemployment due to the changing nature of the economy (1) Hyson Green could have lost industries (1) meaning some unemployed workers have found it difficult to get new jobs due to a lack of relevant skills (1). • There may be voluntary unemployment in Hyson Green (1) as people are choosing to remain unemployed due to generous benefits (1) or they are waiting to find a better job (1). • There could have been a recent increase in population (1) resulting in increased competition for jobs (1) particularly if there are people willing to work for reduced wages (1). • There may have been a large influx of migrants (1) these could have bypassed the education system (1) and therefore may not be recorded in the data about educational qualifications (1). Specific knowledge about Nottingham is not required. Accept any other appropriate response. Allow one mark for comparative use of data connected to a valid reason. (3) Question number Answer 3(a)(ii) AO1 (3 marks)/AO2 (3 marks) Marking instructions Markers must apply the descriptors in line with the general marking guidance and the qualities outlined in the levels-based mark scheme below. Indicative content guidance The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all of it. Other relevant material not suggested below must also be credited. Specific knowledge about Nottingham is not required. Relevant points may include: AO1 • Deprivation is multi-dimensional and includes a lack of resource and opportunities, as well as a lack of income. To reflect this, the Indices of Deprivation are based on a range of indicators, organised across seven distinct types of deprivation. • Levels of income vary depending upon the type of employment contract i.e. permanent, temporary and self-employed. • Mean annual household income is dependent upon a range of factors including family size, proportion of income from earnings vs. state support, level of education. AO2 • Figure 2 focuses on the income and employment domains on the Indices of Deprivation. • Wollaton Park with low adult unemployment rates and combined high mean annual household income are likely to have high levels of educational outcomes resulting in employment in high level tertiary and quaternary sectors, thus reducing deprivation over time. • Hyson green has low income levels in comparison suggesting that there is income deprivation in some sectors of the population e.g. young families/elderly resulting in a lower mean household income. • Future investment could change levels of deprivation in either location, with Hyson Green having potential labour saving for companies and Wollaton