Fresenius Annual Competency Study Guide With
Complete Solution
Bicarbonate (HCO3) is - a buffer that helps maintain a constant pH in a solution even if an acid or
base is added
Symptoms of fluid overload - Edema/pitting edema, productive cough, SOB, increased BP, bounding
pulse, neck vein distention, cyanosis,, anxiety, restlessness, confusion
Osmosis is - The movement of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lesser
solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration until equilibrium is reached
Symptoms of dehydration are - Thirst, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, low
grade temp, decreased urine output, dry skin, weakness, cramping, low bp, and lethargy
Dialysate is composed of - Purified water, acid solutions, and bicarbonate
What position should the dialyzer should be in during circulation? - The dialyzer is circulated with
the venous end straight up.
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during dialysis? - During dialysis,
the dialyzer should be arterial end up
What three processes occur in the dialyzer simultaneously? - Diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration
are the three processes that occur as blood passes the semi-permeable membrane
What direction does the blood flow through the dialyzer as compared to dialysate flow? - Blood and
dialysate flow in a countercurrent flow, as blood flows down into the dialyzer (arterial to
venous)dialysate flows up (venous to arterial)Opposite flow allows better clearance
Complete Solution
Bicarbonate (HCO3) is - a buffer that helps maintain a constant pH in a solution even if an acid or
base is added
Symptoms of fluid overload - Edema/pitting edema, productive cough, SOB, increased BP, bounding
pulse, neck vein distention, cyanosis,, anxiety, restlessness, confusion
Osmosis is - The movement of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lesser
solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration until equilibrium is reached
Symptoms of dehydration are - Thirst, dry mucous membranes, sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, low
grade temp, decreased urine output, dry skin, weakness, cramping, low bp, and lethargy
Dialysate is composed of - Purified water, acid solutions, and bicarbonate
What position should the dialyzer should be in during circulation? - The dialyzer is circulated with
the venous end straight up.
When dialyzing a patient, what position should the dialyzer be in during dialysis? - During dialysis,
the dialyzer should be arterial end up
What three processes occur in the dialyzer simultaneously? - Diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration
are the three processes that occur as blood passes the semi-permeable membrane
What direction does the blood flow through the dialyzer as compared to dialysate flow? - Blood and
dialysate flow in a countercurrent flow, as blood flows down into the dialyzer (arterial to
venous)dialysate flows up (venous to arterial)Opposite flow allows better clearance
