Civics EOC "Checklist" Questions & Answers, 100% Verified. Latest Update.

Civics EOC "Checklist" Questions & Answers, 100% Verified. Latest Update. How is a resident alien different from an immigrant? - -An alien is any person not a citizen or national of a country whereas an immigrant is a person who comes to a country to live permanently. What is the difference between law of blood & law of soil? - -Law of Blood: a person is a US citizen because they their parents are US citizens. Law of Soil: a person is a US citizen because they were born in the US. What is the Selective Service System? - -The Selective Service System is an independent agency of the United States government that maintains information on those potentially subject to military conscription. How does the 14th amendment define a U.S. citizen? - -defines citizenship, grants citizenship to former slaves, and defines voters as males at least 21 years of age What is the difference between an obligation/duty & a responsibility? - -Obligations are required of citizens. Duties/Responsibilities are things good citizens should do. What are the five obligations/duties of a US citizen? - -1. Pay Taxes 2. Obey the Law 3. Go to School 4. Defend the Nation 5. Attend Jury Duty What are the two main responsibilities of a US citizen? - -1. Be an Informed Citizen and Vote 2. Participate in Government Why is it important to be an active participant in society and government? - -Because the government is their to serve the people, and people should have the opportunity to get involved in government. What is the process of becoming a US citizen called? - -The Naturalization Process Describe the legal process it takes to become a naturalized citizen? - -1. Be 18 Years Old 2. Live in the US for 5 Years 3. Fill out an application with the USICS 4. Have an interview 5. Take the citizenship test in English 6. Attend the ceremony and say the Oath of Allegiance What is a Prime Minister? - -the head of state in a parliamentary system Direct Democracy - -a form of government in which the power to govern lies directly in the hands of the people rather than through elected representatives Representative Democracy/Republic - -a system of government in which the people elect representatives to make policies and laws for them Socialism - -an economic system in which the government owns the primary means of production Communism - -a form of government in which a single ruling party owns and controls all production and distribution of goods, and in which no private ownership is allowed Absolute Monarchy - -a form of autocracy where a person becomes the sole leader of a country by being born into a family of rulers Limited Monarchy - -A monarchy that has limited power because of a Constitution Oligarchy - -a form of government in which a small group has total control and power Autocracy - -a form of government where one person has unlimited power Parliamentary - -a system of government where power lies with the legislative body and the leader of the country is part of the legislature Federal - -a system of government where power is shared between a central government and state Confederal - -a system of government where power is located with the independent states and there is little power in the central government Unitary - -a system of government where almost all power is located with the central government Self-Government - -government of a country by its own people, especially after having been a colony. Assent - -to agree Oppression - -the use of authority or power in a cruel or unjust manner Self-evident - -obvious, having no need of proof Tyranny - -a government in which a single ruler possesses and abuses absolute power Social Contract - -an implied agreement among the people of an organized society that defines the rights, duties, and limitations of the governed and the government Explain John Locke's theory of natural rights/law. - -All people are entitled to the rights of Life, Liberty and Property What does the phrase "natural rights" mean? - -Rights that all people are born with that cannot be taken away Describe Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers. - -Government should be separated into three branches to prevent one branch from getting too powerful. How did Montesquieu's idea of separation of powers influence our founding fathers? - -They created a government system with three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Compare Locke's natural law theory with that of Jefferson's natural rights listed in the D.O.I. - -Jefferson changed it to: life liberty and the pursuit of happiness What are the important ideas within the Magna Carta and how did they impact our founding fathers' idea of government? - -1. Limited Government 2. Trial by Jury 3. King cannot put unjust taxes 4. Rule of Law 5. People have the right to rebel against the government if it is being unjust. Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights and how it impacted the Constitution. - -a government document that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people, as well as further limited the rights of the king; written by the members of the English Parliament in 1689 What was Common Sense and what impact did it have on our founding fathers? - -a pamphlet published by Thomas Paine in 1776 to convince the American colonists to support becoming independent from England. It influenced Thomas Jefferson to write the DOI What was the main reason the colonists become increasingly unhappy with the British Government? (Hint: "no taxation without representation!") - -The king was violating their natural rights of life, liberty and property. How did the British government respond when colonists in Boston became rebellious to their policies? - -The pass the Intolerable Acts What does it mean in the D.O.I. by "People are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights?" - -People are born with rights that cannot be taken away from them. What does it mean in the D.O.I when it says "Governments are instituted among men to secure these rights?" - -The government is to serve the people, and should never take away people's natural rights. What does it mean in the D.O.I when it says "Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed?" - -The government is to protect the people, and people must follow the rules of the government. What does it mean in the D.O.I when it says "Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it?" - -People have the right to rebel against their government if it is being unjust. What is the "rule of law"? - -a concept that those who govern are bound by the laws; no one is above the law Imposing taxes without their assent - -The government should not put taxes on its citizens without them knowing. Suspending trial by jury - -Getting rid of a fair trial by jury Limiting the power of the judges - -Taking power away from judges and giving it to King George III Quartering soldiers - -Citizens must house British soldiers There are six main weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation. What are they? - -1. Congress had no power to collect taxes. 2. Congress had no power to regulate trade. 3. Congress had no power to enforce its laws. 4. No single leader or group directed government policy. 5. No national court system existed. 6. Congress could not pass laws without the approval of 9 states. 7. The Articles could not be changed without the agreement of all 13 states. What occurred during Shay's Rebellion? - -2000 Massachusetts farmers rebelled against land foreclosures and debt from the Revolutionary War Why did the Articles of Confederation need to be replaced? - -It lack a strong central government. Gave too much power to the states. Did not unify the country. What are the six main principles of the US Constitution? - -1. popular sovereignty 2. limited government and the 3. rule of law 4. separation of powers 5. checks and balances 6. federalism Who were the Federalists and what was their viewpoint on ratifying the Constitution? - -a group of people in the early United States who favored the establishment of a strong national government and who worked for ratification of the U.S. Constitution Who were the Anti-Federalists and what was their viewpoint on ratifying the Constitution? - -a group of people in the early United States who opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution because they feared a strong national government and a lack of protection for individual rights. Would not ratify the US Constitution until a Bill of Rights was added. What was to be added for the Anti-Federalists to ratify the Constitution? Why did they want this added? - -Bill of Rights. To give more civil liberties to the citizens. What are the Federalist Papers? - -a series of essays written to explain and defend the proposed U.S. Constitution What is the purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? - -The introduction to the US Constitution that outlines the six goals to improve the United States from the Articles of Confederation. What is the significance of "We the People?" - -The Constitution is based on the rule of the people. What phrase means, "We the People?" - -Popular sovereignty Which goal of the Preamble to U.S. Constitution states that the government should be a better union of states than the one created under the Articles of Confederation? - -"to form a more perfect Union" Which goal of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the government should work to protect the freedoms of the people and keep things fair? - -" To establish justice" Which goal of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the government should work to protect the country from its enemies? - -"to provide a common defense" Which goal of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the government should preserve peace within the country? - -" To insure domestic tranquillity" Which goal in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that the freedom should be protected now and for future generations? - -"to secure the blessing of liberty to ourselves and our posterity" Which goal in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution states that government should work to make things better for everyone in the U.S.? - -"to promote a general welfare"? What does the word ordain mean? - -to establish something by law How did the Constitution fix some of the weaknesses in the articles of Confederation? - -Created the US Constitution What is the first step to amend the U.S. Constitution? - -Proposed by 2/3 of Congress What is the second step to amend the U.S. Constitution? - -Ratified by 3/4 of the State Legislators What is the Supremacy Clause? - -the clause that states that the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that national laws are supreme over state laws, found in Article VI Why did the founding fathers make it difficult to amend the Constitution? - -So that there would not be hundreds of changes to the United States Constitution What are the Bill of Rights? - -The first 10 amendments to the US Constitution What are the five freedoms protected by the First Amendment? - -1. Religion 2. Assembly 3. Speech 4. Press 5. Petition What is eminent domain? - -the right of the government to take private property for public use; the Fifth Amendment When someone says they are "pleading the fifth", what do they mean? - -They have the right to remain silent (Self-incrimination) What does the "right to bear arms" mean? - -Right to own a gun What does it mean when it says you have the "right to legal counsel"? - -Right to an attorney (Lawyer) What does it mean that citizens are protected from unreasonable "searches and seizures"? - -the process by which police or other authorities who suspect that a crime has been committed do a search of a person's property and collect any relevant evidence to the crime; protection from What does it mean that citizens have the right to a "trial by jury"? - -a trial in which the issue is determined by a judge and a jury, usually with 12 members, whose job is to determine facts and make a judgment of guilty or not guilty; protected in the Sixth Amendment What is due process? - -a system of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle in the Fifth Amendment that a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without appropriate legal procedures and protect What is double jeopardy? - -the prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried; What was the purpose of the 10th amendment? - -Powers are reserved to the states What does each letter is RASSDATEPS stand for? - -1. R- Religion, Assembly, Speech, Press, Petition 2. A- Arms 3. S - Soldiers Quartering 4. S - Search and Seizure 5. D - Due Process, Don't have to testify, Double Jeopardy, Eminent Domain 6. A- Attorney 7. T- Trial by Jury in Civil Cases 8. E - Excessive Bail and Cruel and Unusual Punishment 9. P - People's Rights 10. S - States's Rights What does the 14th amendment mean when we say "equal protection under the law?" - -Everyone is equal under the law regardless of race, gender or religion. What are Civil Rights? - -the rights belonging to citizens; traditionally refers to the basic rights to be free from unequal treatment based on certain protected characteristics (i.e. race, gender, disability) What does suffrage mean? - -the right to vote What rights are outlined in the 13th and 15th amendment and who gained those rights? - -Civil War Amendments (rights to African Americans) 13th - Ended Slavery