PES-PRACTICE EXAM LATEST UPDATED

The process whereby a tight (overactive) muscle causes decreased neural drive to its functional antagonist is defined as: altered reciprocal inhibition synergistic dominance altered arthrokinematics intramuscular coordination - ANSWER-altered reciprocal inhibition The ability of the neuromuscular system to exert force against resistance is defined as: power strength speed balance - ANSWER-strength The process by which synergists compensate for a weak or inhibited prime mover in attempt to maintain force production and functional movement patters is defined as: reciprocal inhibition synergistic dominance joint dysfunction muscle synergy - ANSWER-synergistic dominance Which of the following is an example of a predominately sagittal plane motion? Calf raises side lunges cable rotations swinging a bat - ANSWER-Calf raises Which plane bisects the body to create upper and lower halves with motion occurring around a longitudinal (vertical) axis? Sagittal plane Frontal Plane Transverse Plane Scapular plane - ANSWER-Transverse Plane Which muscle action occurs when the contractile force is equal to the resistive force leading to no visible change in the muscle length? Concentric Isometric Isotonic Eccentric - ANSWER-Isometric Muscles that act in direct opposition to prime movers are known as: agonists antagonists synergists stabilizers - ANSWER-antagonists The following are support system muscles of the core (limbo-pelvic hip complex) EXCEPT: transverse abdominus multifidus muscles of the pelvic floor psoas - ANSWER-psoas Which sub-system is primarily responsible for force transmission longitudinally from the trunk to the ground? Lateral sub-system Deep longitudinal sub-system Posterior oblique sub-system Anterior oblique sub-system - ANSWER-Deep longitudinal sub-system What is the concentric function of the anterior tibialis? Accelerates ankle plantar flexion and inversion Accelerates ankle dorsiflexion and eversion Accelerates ankle dorsiflexion and inversion Accelerates ankle plantar flexion and eversion - ANSWER-Accelerates ankle dorsiflexion and inversion The cumulative neural input from sensory afferents to the central nervous system is BEST defined as: motor control sensorimotor integration proprioception motor learning - ANSWER-proprioception Objective information includes all of the following EXCEPT: general and medical history physiological assessment postural assessments performance assessments - ANSWER-general and medical history What is the effect of beta-blockers on heart rate and blood pressure? Increased heart rate and increased blood pressure Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure Decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure - ANSWER-Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure What are the four skin fold sites measured when using the Durnin/Womersley formula? Biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest Biceps, calf, abdominal, thigh Biceps, chest, hamstring, calf Biceps, thigh, hamstring, subscapular - ANSWER-Biceps, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest The alignment of the musculoskeletal system, which allows our center of gravity to be maintained over a base of support, is BEST defined as: functional efficiency structural efficiency functional strength neuromuscular efficiency - ANSWER-structural efficiency What muscle(s) is (are) MOST likely under active allowing an athlete's arms to fall forward during an Overhead Squat assessment? Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major Rhomboids, mid/lower trapezius, rotator cuff Erector spinae, pectoralis minor - ANSWER-Rhomboids, mid/lower trapezius, rotator cuff What muscles are MOST likely overactive causing an athlete's knee to move inward during the Singe-leg Squat assessment? Gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, vastus medialis oblique Adductor complex, biceps femurs (short head), tensor fascia late (TFL), vast us laterals Vastus médiales oblique, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus Gluteus minims, psoas major, rectus femurs, bicep femurs (long head) - ANSWER-Adductor complex, biceps femurs (short head), tensor fascia late (TFL), vast us laterals Which assessment BEST measures upper extremity agility and stabilization? Sorensen Erector Spinae Test Push-ups Test Davies Test Shark Skill Test - ANSWER-Davies Test Which of the following is NOT a cardiorespiratory assessment? Harvard Step Test 20-meter Multistage Shuttle Test 1-mile Run T-test - ANSWER-T-test The biomechanics dysfunction in two articular partners that lead to abnormal joint movement and proprioception is defined as: altered reciprocal inhibition synergistic dominance arthrokinetic dysfunction Davies law - ANSWER-arthrokinetic dysfunction The outermost layer of a muscle fiber is the endomysium perimysium epimysium endoneurium - ANSWER-epimysium Which tissue is the primary focus of a flexibility routine for improving elasticity and extensibility? Muscle fascia Tendons Ligaments Joint capsules - ANSWER-Muscle fascia Physical changes attributed to aging that affect flexibility include all of the following EXCEPT: muscular and neural atrophy connective tissue atrophy increased tissue stiffness tissue dehydration - ANSWER-connective tissue atrophy Which of the following is NOT a result of loss of ground substance? Decreased connective tissue lubrication Increased connective tissue inter fiber distance Decreased nutrient diffusion Decreased mechanical barrier against bacteria - ANSWER-Increased connective tissue inter fiber distance The fluid-like property of connective tissue that allows slow deformation with an imperfect recovery after the deforming forces are removed is elasticity viscoelasticity plasticity all-or-none principl - ANSWER-viscoelasticity Golgi Tendon Organs are sensitive to changes in tension and the rate at which tension changes changes in muscle length and the rate at which length changes changes in articular tension changes in joint pressure - ANSWER-changes in tension and the rate at which tension changes Functional flexibility training incorporates: self-myofascial release, static stretching, and neuromuscular stretching self-myofascial release, active-isolated stretching, and neuromuscular stretching self-myofascial release and dynamic stretching self-myofascial release, static stretching, and neurodynamic stretching - ANSWER-self-myofascial release and dynamic stretching Proper performance of static stretching requires holding the stretch at the first point of tension for 15 seconds 20 seconds 25 seconds 30 seconds - ANSWER-30 seconds Aerobic exercise requires the body to take oxygen from the atmosphere, deliver it to the lungs, transfer it into the blood, and pump it to the working muscles where it is utilized to oxidize carbohydrates and fats in order to produce: ATP calcium tryptophan epinephrine - ANSWER-ATP The exercise intensity at which lactic acid starts to accumulate in the bloodstream is known as anaerobic threshold Krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation aerobic metabolism - ANSWER-anaerobic threshold Which sporting activity PRIMARILY utilizes the ATP/CP energy system? sprints rowing swimming (1,500 meter) distance running - ANSWER-sprints The body is able to derive the highest percentage of its energy from fat when it has a respiratory quotient (RQ) of: 0.71 0.80 0.90 1.00 - ANSWER-0.71 A true "high intensity" workout (approximately) 90% of heart rate maximum) requires a respiratory quotient (RQ) of: 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.0 - ANSWER-1.0 The amount of CO2 expired divided by the amount of O2 consumed, measured during rest or at steady state of exercise is BEST defined as: cardiac output stroke volume pulmonary ventilation respiratory quotient - ANSWER-respiratory quotient Which zone is used to increase anaerobic and aerobic capacity by straddling the energy (anaerobic and aerobe) systems? zone 1 zone 2 zone 3