TExES ESL 154 2023 with complect solution

Language 1 L1 Terms are used to indicate that a person has acquired the language in infancy and early childhooh & generally within the family. Level of Proficiency in language. Language 2 L2 non-native language, 2nd language) implies the prior aailability to the individual of an L1, some form of biligualism. May indicate a lower level of proficiency. Phonology producing the basic sound units of language Morphology word formation in a language including inflection, derivation and compunding syntax the way in which words are put together to form phrases, clause, or sentences Semantics relating to menaing in language Pragmatics the appropriate use of language; rules for communicating effectively and responding to the needs of one's listeners. comprehensible input means that students should be able to understand the essence of what is being said to them affective filter Is a mental barrier put up the ELL student when put in high stress or anxiety or embrassess TPR total physical repsonse; say a single action word then perform that action 5 Stages of ESL Development 1. Preproduction, 2. Early production, 3. Speech emergent, 4. Intermediate fluency, 5. Advance proficiency Preproduction silent/receptive, 500 words or less; use of pictures, gestures, pointing; 6months Early Production 1000 words, one & two word phrases; 6months Speech Emergent 7000 words,use short sentences and ask simple questions, 1yr Intermediate Fluency 12,000 words, make complex statements, 1yr or more Advanced Proficiency 17,000 words, participating fully in discussions, 5-7yrs Cognitive Processes memorization, categorization, generalization, & metacognition Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge > Comprehension > Application > Analysis > Synthesis > Evaluation cognates word that have a common etymological origion Idioms Don't use them; "start from scratch" "when the cat is away, the mouse will play" ESL Fundatmental Language Concepts 1. Increase compreshensibility, 2. Encourage Interations, 3. Thinking & Study Skills, 4. Use of Native language to increase comprehension ESL Teaching methods Lingusitic Instruction, Sheltered English, Reciprocal Teaching Lingusitic Instruction must include initiating frequent interaction with English-specaking peers and materials for L1 & L2 Sheltered English is an instruction in English understandable to ESL students. Use physical activities, visual aids Reciprocal Teaching refers to an instructional activity that takes place in the form of a dialogue between teachers and students regarding the segment of the text. Structure by 4 strategies: summarizing, question generating, clarifying, and predicting Content based ESL Instruction applies knowledge of effective practices, resources, and materials for providing engaging students in critical thinking