HMC Final Exam| 170 questions| with complete solutions

this theory describes and explains how the nervous system produces coordinated movements to successfully perform a variety of motor skills in a variety of environments CORRECT ANSWERS: Motor Control Theory Motor redundancy: CORRECT ANSWERS: we have numerous ways to perform any given movement - but we must choose one Closed Loop CORRECT ANSWERS: reflex models, central pattern generators, and heterarchical models Open Loop CORRECT ANSWERS: hierarchical models Reflex Models and Central Pattern Generators CORRECT ANSWERS: - closed loop - provides a basic understanding of designed circuits for basic movement patterns - Ex. Gait Heterarchical Models CORRECT ANSWERS: - closed loop - complex model - includes higher brain centres modifying the signal (ex. basal ganglia loops, thalamus loops) that helps us decide how to move - based on coordinative structures (overcoming the automatically trained movement/synergy of your body) Coordinative Structures CORRECT ANSWERS: - groups of muscles and joints constrained to act as functional units by the nervous system to act cooperatively to produce an action - also considered muscle synergies Hierarchical Models CORRECT ANSWERS: - open loops - top-down control Schmidt's Schema Theory - posits the existence of generalized motor programs (GMPs) Generalized Motor Program (GMP) CORRECT ANSWERS: general representation of various motor action (or a class of actions) - ex. throwing movement: body will create a general program for doing this movement (body has to get feedback to adjust and change the movement) - Schmidt's Schema Theory Invariant Features (of GMPs) CORRECT ANSWERS: characteristics that do not vary across performances of a skill within class of actions - consistent features (ex. throwing = generally going to bring arm back, above, and forwards) - Schmidt's Schema Theory