Intro to Sonography final exam study guide 2023 with complete solution

1. Huygan's Principle: Christian Huygen-determined light consisted of waves 2. Augustin Fresnel: Theory of wave diffraction 3. Dr. Samuel Maslak: "Father of modern Ultrasound." Merged computer tech with diagnostic ultrasound 4. Sonometer: Instrument to study musical sounds invented before 500 BC 5. Marveen Craig: Assistant to Dr. Joseph Holmes. Author of textbook/journal articles about Sonography. Developed many Ultrasound programs. 6. Joseph Holmes: Somagram. Discovered that moving the transducer in 2 paths created a complete anatomical picture called a somagram. 7. Joan Baker: 1st president of SDMS. Initiated the term "sonographer". Current president of Sound Ergonomics. 8. Leonardo da Vinci: Credited with discovering connection between reflection and angle of incidence. 9. Sir Isaac Newton: Theory of velocity 10. Galileo: Frequency of sound waves determines pitch 11. Aristotle: Theory that sound is carried by the movement of the air 12. Dr. Karl Dussik: A-mode images called Hyperphonograms. 13. Rokuro Uchida: Built 1st model Ultrasound equipment in 1949. 14. Dr. Yasuharu Nimura: Doppler to cardiovascular investigation in 1955. 15. Dr. Tanaka & Dr. Wagai: Used Rokuro Uchida's equipment to detect brain tumors, gallstones, and breast masses. 16. Paul Langeven & Constantin Chilowsky: Studied sound frequency and in- tensity during WWI. Served as basis for Sonar in WWII. 17. Jacques & Pierre Curie: Piezoelectric effect. Serves as basis of Ultrasound frequencies. 18. James Joule: Ferromagnetic effect. 19. George Ludwig: Started research at Naval Medical research institute, used A-mode to present reflected echoes of gallstones and foreign bodies embedded in animal tissue. 20. John Reid & Julian Wild: Developed 1st B-scan transducer used for breast imaging. It used a "water tip".