FISDAP EMT Cardiology and Resuscitation Exam Review

FISDAP EMT Cardiology and Resuscitation Exam Review What is the basic flow of blood into, through, and out of the heart? Vena Cava (deoxygenated blood) -> Right Atrium -> Tricuspid Valve -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonic Valve -> Pulmonary Artery (deoxygenated blood) -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Veins (oxygenated blood) -> Left Atrium -> Mitral Valve (bicuspid) -> Left Ventricle -> Aortic Valve -> Aorta -> Out to body What are the two valves of the heart when traveling from left/right atria to left/right ventricle? Tricuspid Valve Bicuspid Valve What type of surface is preferred for the patient to be on while conducting CPR? Hard surface Where should you position your knees in respect to the patient? A. 1 foot away B. close to the body C. straddling patient D. on the face for more leverage Close to the body Where should your hands be placed on the patients chest, while conducting CPR? Lower half of the sternum (approx nipple line) What is the proper depth of chest compressions for CPR? 2.0 - 2.4 inches for adults ~1.5 inches for infants What should you do in between each compression? Allow for full chest recoil to allow blood to fill the heart When should AED be placed on the patient? As soon as it arrives on scene What are the two states that the AED will advise shock? Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach) What should you do before administering any medication? Conduct a focused history and physical exam. (in addition to PRTDDD) What is the purpose of Nitroglycerin? Vasodilator How is nitroglycerin administered? Sublingually (SL) What are two contraindications for nitroglycerin? BP<100 ED medication in the last 24 hours What the action of Aspirin? Anti-platelet (the "slip" in slip in slide) What is the strongest artery in the body? Aorta artery What is the strongest chamber in the heart? Left ventricle What are the layers of the heart (outer most -> inner most) Epicardium -> Myocardium -> Endocardium (epic means outer, and end means inner) Which arteries supply the myocardium with blood? Coronary arteries When is the systolic BP measured? Ventricular contraction When do coronary arteries fill? Diastole What is PEA? Pulseless Electrical Activity What is the normal pulse range for an adult? 60-100 bpm What is a pulse <60 bpm referred to as? Bradycardia What type of shock do you expect with the following S/S? -Hypotensive -Tachycardia -Increased Respirations -Crackles -Edema Cardiogenic Shock How should you treat cariogenic shock? -O2 (15L via NRB) -Blanket -Supine -Transport (more depending on specific condition) What should you expect if your patient is struck by lighting? Asystole (pulseless) If your patient is pulseless, what should you do? Start CPR immediately If a pulse is present after a pt is struck by lighting, what type of rhythm should you expect? Irregular What BP values represent chronic hypertension? 140/90 What is the term for severe hypertension? "Hypertension Crisis" What two medications can you administer during ABCs? Epinephrine O2 What is the first thing you should do if a patient is complaining of chest pain