Grade 12 IEB Physical Science (Chemistry) Acids & Bases (Section E) summary & notes

Acids & Bases:


Acid: Proton donor

Base: Proton acceptor



Strong acids:

• HCl (aq) : Hydrochloric acid

• H2SO4 : Sulphuric acid

• HNO3 : Nitric acid



Weak acids:

• HF : Hydro uoric acid

• H3PO4 : Phosphoric acid

• H2SO3 : Sulphurous acid

• CH3COOH : Ethanoic acid

• (COOH)2 : Oxalic acid



• CH3COOH : Ethanoic acid:




à only 1 acidic proton
CH3COOH is a monoprotic acid (Only donates 1 proton)



• (COOH)2 : Oxalic acid:
Ã




Ã

, (COOH)2 is a diprotic acid (Donates 2 protons)



after donating protons:



: CH3COO¡ = Ethanoate ion




: C2O4¡2 = Oxalate ion




Strong bases:

(Group 1 metal hydroxides)

LiOH, NaOH, KOH



Weak bases:

(Ammonia solution, metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates)

HCO
H 2O
¡
; Al3+ ; N a+ ; CO32¡ ; M g 2+ (N H3(aq) or N H4OH(aq) )
(ammonia solution)
accepted donated
proton proton
I t ¡
N H3(g) + H2O(l) « N H4+(aq) + OH(aq)
molecules ions




Ionisation: The creation of a molecular substance with water to produce ions



• Dissolve KOH in water: Dissociation
2 HO + ¡
KOH(s) ! K(aq) + OH(aq)