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Breathing and gas exchange

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Breathing and gas exchange exam notes for iGCSEs

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January 19, 2023
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ATP PROVIDES ENERGY FOR CELLS



THE THORAX

ribs protects internal organs (to the lungs too)

intercostal Muscles between ribs that move rib cage during inhalation
muscle and exhalation

diaphragm changes the thoracic volume during inhalation and
exhalation

trachea connects the Mouth & Nose to the Lungs


bronchi thick tubes that divides into two Bronchi inside Lungs - one Bronchus for each Lung

bronchioles Bronchi will split to form thinner tubes called Bronchioles that are connected to Alveoli

alveoli Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs

pl. membrane for lubrication to reduce friction, stick outside of lungs for them to follow chest movement


CONSEQUENCES OF SMOKING

CO, combines with the hemoglobin in red blood cells. This reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen,
putting strain on the circulatory system and increasing the risk of coronary heart disease and strokes.




oxidation reaction, oxygen is used to break down food molecules and releases ATP energy

AEROBIC RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + 2 ATP


RESPIRING SEEDS
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