RN ATI capstone Fundamentals-Detailed study guide 2023 LATEST

RN_ATI_CAPSTONE FUNDAMENTALS- A detailed study review latest edition 2023. Management Care (1) -Integumentary and Peripheral Vascular Systems: Identifying Skin Lesions (Active Learning Template - Basic Concept, RM FUND 9.0 Ch 30) -Equipment used to assess -adequate lighting, gloves, flexible ruler/tape measure, gown or drape to cover pt -Vascular Lesions -Spider Angioma- red center with radiating red legs, up to 2 cm, possibly raised -cherry Angioma- red 1 to 3cm, round and possibly raised -spider vein- bluish, spider shaped or linear up to several inches in size -petechiae/purpura- deep reddish/purple flat petechiae 1-3mm, purpura > 3mm -ecchymosis- purple fading to green or yellow over time, variable in size, flat -hematoma- raised ecchymosis Safety & Infection control (4) -Client Safety: Priority Action in a Fire Emergency (Active Learning Template - Basic Concept, RM FUND 9.0 Ch 12) -Know the location of exits, alarms, fire extinguishers, and oxygen shut-off valves. -Make sure equipment does not block fire doors. -Know the evacuation plan for the unit and the facility. R: Rescue and protect clients in close proximity to the fire by moving them to a safer location. Clients who are ambulatory may walk independently to a safe location. A: Alarm: Activate the facility’s alarm system and then report the fire’s details and location. C: Contain/Confine the fire by closing doors and windows and turning off any sources of oxygen and any electrical devices. Ventilate clients who are on life support with a bag-valve mask. E: Extinguish the fire if possible using the appropriate fire extinguisher -Home Safety: Teaching About Wound Care (Active Learning Template - Basic Concept, RM FUND 9.0 Ch 13) Burns -Test the temperature of formula Older Adults (65 Years and Older): Expected Assessment Findings for an Older Adult Client (Active Learning Template - Growth and Development, RM FUND 9.0 Ch 25) Integumentary Decreased skin turgor, subcutaneous fat, and connective tissue (dermis), which leads to wrinkles and dry, transparent skin Loss of subcutaneous fat, which makes it more difficult for older adults to adjust to coldtemperatures Thinning and graying of hair, as well as a more sparse distribution Thickening of fingernails and toenails Cardiovascular/pulmonary Decreased chest wall movement, vital capacity, and cilia, which increases the risk for respiratory infections Reduced cardiac output Decreased peripheral circulation Increased blood pressure Neurosensory Slower reaction time Decreased touch, smell, and taste sensations Decreased production of saliva Decline in visual acuity Decreased ability for eyes to adjust from light to dark, leading to night blindness, which is especially dangerous when driving Inability to hear high-pitched sounds (presbycusis) Reduced spatial awareness Gastrointestinal Decreased digestive enzymes Decreased intestinal motility, which can lead to increased risk of constipation Increased dental problems Neuromuscular Decreased height due to intervertebral disk changes Decreased muscle strength and tone Decalcification of bones Degeneration of joints Genitourinary Decreased bladder capacity Prostate hypertrophy in men Decline in estrogen or testosterone production Atrophy of breast tissue in women Endocrine Decline in triiodothyronine (T3) production, yet overall function remains effective Decreased sensitivity of tissue cells to insulin Basic Care and Comfort - (2) Complementary and Alternative Therapies: Teaching a Client About Meditation (Active Learning Template - Basic Concept, RM FUND 9.0 Ch 42) Nursing interventions can provide some aspects of complementary alternative therapies, including the following. Guided imagery/visualization therapy: Encourages healing and relaxation of the body by having the mind focus on images Healing intention: Uses caring, compassion, and empathy in the context of prayer to facilitate healing Breathwork: Reduces stress and increases relaxation through various breathing patterns Humor: Reduces tension and improves mood to foster coping Meditation: Uses rhythmic breathing to calm the mind and body Simple touch: Communicates presence, appreciation, and acceptance Music or art therapy: Provides distraction from pain and allows the client to express emotions; earphones imp