NCLEX QUESTIONS FOR RENAL DISORDERS QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

You're preparing for urinary catheterization of a trauma patient and you observe bleeding at the urethral meatus. Which action has priority? A. Irrigate and clean the meatus before catheterization. B. Check the discharge for occult blood before catheterization. C. Heavily lubricate the catheter before insertion. D. Delay catheterization and notify the doctor. CORRECT ANSWER D. Delay catheterization and notify the doctor. Rationale: Bleeding at the urethral meatus is evidence that the urethra is injured. Because catheterization can cause further harm, consult with the doctor. Which of the following causes the majority of UTI's in hospitalized patients? A. Lack of fluid intake B. Inadequate perineal care C. Invasive procedures D. Immunosuppression CORRECT ANSWER C. Invasive procedures. Rationale: Invasive procedures such as catheterization can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract. A lack of fluid intake could cause concentration of urine, but wouldn't necessarily cause infection. A patient with diabetes has had many renal calculi over the past 20 years and now has chronic renal failure. Which substance must be reduced in this patient's diet? A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Protein D. Vitamin C CORRECT ANSWER C. Protein Rationale: Because of damage to the nephrons, the kidney can't excrete all the metabolic wastes of protein, so this patient's protein intake must be restricted. A higher intake of carbs, fats, and vitamin supplements is needed to ensure the growth and maintenance of the patient's tissues. You're developing a care plan with the nursing diagnosis risk for infection for your patient that received a kidney transplant. A goal for this patient is to: A. Remain afebrile and have negative cultures B. Resume normal fluid intake within 2 to 3 days C. Resume the patient's normal job within 2 to 3 weeks D. Try to discontinue cyclosporine (Neural) as quickly as possible CORRECT ANSWER A. Remain afebrile and have negative cultures Rationale: The immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine places the patient at risk for infection, and steroids can mask the signs of infection. The patient may not be able