A-level PSYCHOLOGY (7182/3)

Which two of the following statements describe a strongly deterministic view? Write the letters of your chosen answers in your answer booklet. A People are always responsible for their own actions B People behave in a random fashion C People’s behaviour always has a cause D People exercise full choice over how they behave E People have no choice about how to act [2 marks] Name two types of determinism. [2 marks] Briefly outline one problem associated with alpha bias in psychological research, and one problem associated with beta bias in psychological research. [4 marks] Briefly outline what psychologists mean by ‘levels of explanation’. [2 marks] Read the item and then answer the question that follows. A prison psychologist used an idiographic approach to study offending. He asked two offenders to record their thoughts about their childhood and their offending behaviour in a journal over a period of four weeks. Qualitative analysis of the journals showed that the offenders often thought about sad childhood events and believed that their childhood experiences had influenced their offending. Findings from idiographic research like the study described above are often used as a basis for other investigations. Explain how the researcher might develop the above investigation through taking a nomothetic approach. [6 marks] 0 1 . 1 0 1 . 2 0 2 0 3 0 4 PMT 3 Turn over  What is meant by the ‘nature-nurture debate’ in psychology? [2 marks] Read the item and then answer the questions that follow. Researchers used a test to measure the mathematical reasoning ability of pairs of identical and non-identical twins. If both members of a pair had a similar score on the test, they were said to be ‘concordant’. This type of study is known as a concordance study. Table 1: Outcome of the research with the concordance rates expressed as a percentage Genetic relationship group Concordance rate for mathematical reasoning ability Identical twins (100% shared genes) 58% Non-identical twins (50% shared genes) 14% Briefly explain the outcome of the study in relation to the nature-nurture debate. [2 marks] Some ways of establishing validity involve the use of a statistical test. Outline how these researchers could have used a statistical test to establish concurrent validity of the mathematical reasoning ability test. [4 marks] Turn over for the next section 0 5 0 6 . 1 0 6 . 2 0 6 PMT 4 Section B Relationships or Gender or Cognition and development Choose one topic from Section B. Answer all questions on the topic you choose. Topic: Relationships Investment is one feature of the investment model of relationships. Identify one other feature of the investment model of relationships. [1 mark] Read the item and then answer the questions that follow. A psychologist investigating the investment model of relationships, devised a self-report Investment Scale for use with a group of 100 female participants. The scale gave an investment score for each participant on a scale of 0–20, with 0 representing no investment in relationships and 20 representing extreme investment in relationships. The psychologist calculated measures of central tendency for the investment scores. He found that the mean investment score was 8.6, the median investment score was 9.5 and the mode investment score was 13. Sketch a graph to show the most likely distribution curve for the investment scores in this study. Label the axes of your graph and mark on it the positions of the mean, median and mode. [3 marks] What sort of distribution does your graph show? [1 mark] Explain one limitation of a self-report technique. [2 marks] 0 7 0 8 . 1 0 8 . 2 0 9 0 8 PMT