Pathophysiology Exam 1 – Rasmussen - Summer 2021
Module 1
What is homeostasis?
State of balance in the organisms to maintain function
Homeostasis - a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism; A dynamic steady
state, representing the net effect of several physiologic actions and reactions
How does fluid move between interstitial and intracellular compartments?
Osmosis
How is fluid is lost, or excreted, from the body:
Sweat, urine
Kidneys to urine
Sweating, respiration, defecation
Abnormal: Vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhaging
What illnesses can cause fluid volume loss?
Vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics
What is potential and fatal complication of
HYPOnatremia Cerebral edema, herniation of brain,
seizures
What happens during the alarm phase of Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?
Epinephrine increases
Alarm – Decreased ability to respond to
stressors Reduced resistance to stressors
What clinical findings would the patient in the fight or flight stage present with? (Select All)
All vitals increased, pupils dilate
The four components of Pathophysiology (Select all)
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment implications
, Which electrolytes are stored in electrolyte
pools? Bones and calcium go together
Shifts between extracellular fluid and pools in response to
need/excess Cations: Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, magnesium
Anions: Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate
What chemical does the body release during
stress? Epinephrine
Priority assessment for a patient with a potassium
imbalance EKG, telemetry
Symptoms of dehydration
Thirst, thready pulse, dizziness, lightheaded, confusion, dry mouth, dry eyes, dark urine
Cause of edema
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out into interstitial tissue
Increased movement of fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial space or decreased
movement of water from the interstitium into the capillaries or lymphatic vessels. The
mechanism involves one or more of the following:
• Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
• Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
• Increased capillary permeability
• Obstruction of the lymphatic system
Extracellular fluid has higher concentration of which
electrolytes? Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
Intracellular fluid has higher concentration of which
electrolytes? Potassium, Magnesium, phosphorous
Module 1
What is homeostasis?
State of balance in the organisms to maintain function
Homeostasis - a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism; A dynamic steady
state, representing the net effect of several physiologic actions and reactions
How does fluid move between interstitial and intracellular compartments?
Osmosis
How is fluid is lost, or excreted, from the body:
Sweat, urine
Kidneys to urine
Sweating, respiration, defecation
Abnormal: Vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhaging
What illnesses can cause fluid volume loss?
Vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics
What is potential and fatal complication of
HYPOnatremia Cerebral edema, herniation of brain,
seizures
What happens during the alarm phase of Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome?
Epinephrine increases
Alarm – Decreased ability to respond to
stressors Reduced resistance to stressors
What clinical findings would the patient in the fight or flight stage present with? (Select All)
All vitals increased, pupils dilate
The four components of Pathophysiology (Select all)
Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment implications
, Which electrolytes are stored in electrolyte
pools? Bones and calcium go together
Shifts between extracellular fluid and pools in response to
need/excess Cations: Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, magnesium
Anions: Chloride, Bicarbonate, Phosphate
What chemical does the body release during
stress? Epinephrine
Priority assessment for a patient with a potassium
imbalance EKG, telemetry
Symptoms of dehydration
Thirst, thready pulse, dizziness, lightheaded, confusion, dry mouth, dry eyes, dark urine
Cause of edema
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out into interstitial tissue
Increased movement of fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial space or decreased
movement of water from the interstitium into the capillaries or lymphatic vessels. The
mechanism involves one or more of the following:
• Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
• Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
• Increased capillary permeability
• Obstruction of the lymphatic system
Extracellular fluid has higher concentration of which
electrolytes? Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate
Intracellular fluid has higher concentration of which
electrolytes? Potassium, Magnesium, phosphorous
