HazMat - Chapter 23/24 Questions with Answers

Hazardous materials - ANSWER-Substance that can be dangerous to human health or the environment if not properly controlled Human Error Mechanical Malfunction Container Failure Transportation Accidents Vandalism or Terrorism - ANSWER-These can cause HazMat Incidents Acute Health Effects - ANSWER-These are short-term conditions that appear within hours or days, such as vomiting or diarrhea Thermal Hazards - ANSWER-These hazards involve extreme heat or cold Cryogens - ANSWER-These are gases that turn into liquid at or below -130 degrees F (-90 degrees C) at 14.7 psi Nonionizing Radiation - ANSWER-The least energetic type of radiation, such as visible light or radio waves Alpha Radiation - ANSWER-This is the process by which positively charged particles are emitted from the nucleus of heavy radioactive elements, such as uranium and radium Beta Radiation - ANSWER-This is the process by which positively or negatively charged particles (protons and electrons) are emitted from the nucleus of radioactive elements such as tritium, carbon-14, and strontium-90 Gamma Rays - ANSWER-These rays have no mass and electric charge, but they are highly penetrating Neutron Radiation - ANSWER-This form of radiation is produced by fission reactions Chronic Doses - ANSWER-These are small dose amounts received over a long period of time and the health effects of which typically take years to develop Asphyxiants - ANSWER-These hazardous materials prevent the body from absorbing oxygen Corrosive Materials - ANSWER-These cause local damage to the skin when touched. They are also an example of chemical hazards Irritants - ANSWER-These cause temporary but sometimes severe inflammation to the eyes, skin, or respiratory system; Commonly found in fertilizers, disinfectants, and solvents Etiological Hazards - ANSWER-Microorganisms that cause severe illness or disease Rickettsias - ANSWER-These are specialized bacteria spread by infected fleas, ticks, and lice Mechanical Hazards - ANSWER-These hazards cause injury through blunt physical force Blast-pressure wave (Shock wave) - ANSWER-Rapidly released gases create this which travels outward from the center of the blast, causing most of the injuries and damage Four - ANSWER-Hazardous Materials can enter the body through how many routes of entry? Inhalation - ANSWER-Breathing in hazardous vapors, smoke, gases, fumes, liquid aerosols, and suspended dusts Ingestion - ANSWER-Swallowing, either deliberately or accidentally Contact - ANSWER-Skin or some other exposed surface touches a solid, liquid, or gaseous hazardous material Absorption - ANSWER-Material enters the body through the skin or eyes Contact Hazard - ANSWER-What primary hazard are liquids? Vapor - ANSWER-The gas released by a liquid Vapor Pressure - ANSWER-Measures the substance's tendency to evaporate Boiling Point - ANSWER-The temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to or greater than atmospheric power Vapor Density - ANSWER-The weight of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air, at the same temperature and pressure 1 - ANSWER-What is the specific gravity of water? Reactivity - ANSWER-The ability of a substance to chemically react with other materials The Fuel Source - ANSWER-What is the reducing agent in the reactivity triangle for the reaction? 6 - ANSWER-How many stages does the General Emergency Behavior Model (GEBMO) have? Stress Stage - ANSWER-What is the first stage of the General Emergency Behavior Model (GEBMO)? Chemical Stress - ANSWER-This type of stress is where chemical reactions produce heat and pressure, causing the container to suddenly or gradually deteriorate Physical Damage or Operation of Relief Devices - ANSWER-What are some possible signs of mechanical stress? The Container's Construction Material - ANSWER-This dictates the way in which a container breaches (Stage 2 GEBMO) Disintegration - ANSWER-This is the general loss of integrity, such as a glass bottle shattering or a grenade exploding Release Stage - ANSWER-What is the 3rd stage of GEBMO? Spill/Leak - ANSWER-This is classified as the slow release of pressurized material through holes, rips, tears, attachments or usual openings Dispersion/Engulf Stage - ANSWER-What is the 4th stage of GEBMO? Hemispheric - ANSWER-This dispersion pattern is dome-shaped and is done in a fashion in which some material stays on the surface, but the rest becomes airborne Exposure/Contact Stage - ANSWER-What is the 5th stage of GEBMO? Harm Stage - ANSWER-What is the final (6th) stage of GEBMO? Lumberyards - ANSWER-Where is an example of a location in which you are particularly likely to encounter hazardous materials? Damage the Economy - ANSWER-What is one goal of Terrorism? Above and underground storage tank - ANSWER-What is an example of a container at a fixed facility? An Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) - ANSWER-What type of container is made of a rigid or flexible portable packaging (other than a cylinder or portable tank) designed for mechanical handling? The UN/NA System - ANSWER-What identification system uses a 4 digit identification number? Cargo Tank Trucks - ANSWER-What is an example of a container/package that requires the identification number be displayed on it in North America? The yellow-bordered section - ANSWER-This part of the emergency response guidebook (ERG) provides a key to the four-digit identification numbers of hazardous materials in numerical order. initials and numbers - ANSWER-Tank Cars are marked with their own unique set of Reporting marks, which should match what items that are provided on the car's shipping papers. They are stenciled on all four sides of the tank Specification Marking - ANSWER-This indicates the standards to which a tank car was built NFPA 704 System - ANSWER-This identification system is typically used in fixed-storage system 0-4 - ANSWER-The NFPA 704 system rates the severity of hazards on a scale of _____. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) - ANSWER-This is a form provided by chemical manufacturers and blenders; contains information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures. Also known as MSDS Signal Word - ANSWER-If a consumer product is potentially hazardous, its label must incorporate this identification mechanism which indicates the degree of hazard Warning - ANSWER-This signal word indicates moderate hazards, such as significant health effects or flammability Marker - ANSWER-When pipelines cross under (or over) roads, railroads, and waterways, pipeline companies must put up this to indicate that a pipeline runs through the area EPA - ANSWER-This governmental agency regulates the manufacture and labeling of pesticides Danger/Poison - ANSWER-These words are used for highly toxic materials Shipping Papers - ANSWER-Shipments of hazardous materials must be accompanied by this form of identification, which describe them Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - ANSWER-This Document contains detailed information about a product or chemical ERG - ANSWER-This reference material is primarily a guide to aid emergency responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of materials involved in an emergency incident and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident. It is primarily designed for use at a dangerous goods/hazardous materials incident occurring on a highway or railroad Vision - ANSWER-Which of the 5 senses is the safest to use when sizing up an incident Frost or Buildup Near a Leak - ANSWER-What is an example of a physical action that can be indicated visually? Other People's Senses - ANSWER-What is another way you can detect the presence of a hazmat incident? Skin changes such as: Burning sensations, Reddening, Paleness, Fever, and Chills - ANSWER-What is an example of a symptom of chemical exposure? Specialized Training - ANSWER-This is required for a person to use a monitoring and/or detection device. Contaminated victims, structural collapse, booby traps, armed resistance, and secondary devices - ANSWER-There are a greater risk of these elements when dealing with terrorist attacks Oily Film on Water Surfaces, or Oily Droplets/Films on Other Surfaces - ANSWER-What is an example of a clue of a possible chemical attack? Diseases that may not occur normally in that geographic area or illnesses that are associated with a common source of food, water, or location - ANSWER-What are some possible Biological Attack Indicators? Glowing Material - ANSWER-What is an example of a possible Radiological attack indicator? Nuclear Attack - ANSWER-This is defined as the intentional detonation of a nuclear weapon Exceptionally powerful explosion - ANSWER-What is a possible indicator of a nuclear attack? Unusually colored smoke/flames - ANSWER-What is a possible indicator of an explosive/incendiary attack? Meth Labs - ANSWER-These illegal labs are hazardous, most commonly a flammability hazard Excessive Trash - ANSWER-What is an indication of a meth lab? Underground "Cookbooks" - ANSWER-What is an indicator of a chemical lab? Explosive Labs - ANSWER-These labs are the second most common type of lab discovered, after drug labs Incubators, Refrigerators, and Bench top Fermenters - ANSWER-What are some indicators of a biological lab? Booby Traps - ANSWER-These are often set to protect illicit laboratories Anticipate the presence of a secondary device at any suspicious incident - ANSWER-What is a guideline for protecting against possible secondary devices?