Medical/AMLS Post Test Final Exam Review
(Complete Solutions)
Headache, nuchal rigidity, fever/chills and photophobia is a classic sign of: - Meningitis
Patients who have headache and fever should be assessed for: (which sign(s)?) - Kernig's (pain
when extension of knee at sitting position; 'K' in Kernigs and knee) and Brudzinsky's signs
(involuntary flexing of legs when flexing neck). Positive tests would indicate meningitis.
Fluid shifting in lungs is: - ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom); occurs during shock or can
also happen because of pneumonia, aspiration, pancreatitis or drug overdose. High mortality
Epiglottitis VS Croup VS Meningitis - Epiglottis: High grade fever (>102*F), Sore throat, Drooling,
Leaning forward
Croup: Seal bark cough at night, Low grade fever(<102*F), Stridor
Meningitis: Stiff neck, fever/chills, photophobia, Fever with seizures.
Dental pain, fever, dysphagia and possible firm red pronounced swelling around throat: - Ludwig's
Angina
Activation of the RAA Pathway is caused by: - Dehydration, Drop in Na, or Hemorrhage (which all,
essentially, can lead to shock)
With regards to RAA: When a drop in BP is sensed by kidneys, they will release ________ which will -
Renin(think "RENal"/"RENin"; will combine with angiotensinogen (in blood) to make Angiotensin I.
, There's an enzyme in your lungs called ACE which stands for ________. As Angiotensin-1 is carried
from your blood stream to your lungs, it combines with ACE and becomes _________. - Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme; Angiotensin-2.
Angiotensin-2 specifically activates the ________________ to secrete _______________ - adrenal cortex;
aldosterone
aldosterone - Causes water and salt retention in blood, thus increasing blood pressure.
ADH vs Aldosterone - What's the difference between ADH and Aldosterone?
ADH Keeps water, and water only; Aldosterone keeps water and salt.
........
If you eat food that's high in salts, you increase the tonicity of your bloodstream when it's absorbed
and become hypertonic. That triggers ADH which causes your kidneys to retain water and only
water. A drop in blood pressure will also cause ADH release because there's a multiplicity to the
body all the time.
There's never been a clinical case of somebody overproducing ADH. But there are clinical cases of
lower than normal ADH levels (deficiency) which goes by the name of diabetes insipidus. What's
diabetes insipidus? If you can't make ADH, you pee a lot because you have no way of not-peeing a
lot. The word diabetes means to pee a lot. There's diabetes mellitus. Mellitus means sweet. So this is
sweet pee. Insipidus is pee that doesn't taste sweet. These two diabetes were recognized by ancient
greeks. When people would pee a lot, they would taste their urine. If it tastes sweet, it was called
diabetes mellitus, and if it wasn't sweet it was called diabetes insipidus.
Angiotenson, Renin and Aldosterone increase - preload and afterload.
During compensatory shock renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to cause: - Increase
preload afterload and reabsorption of sodium
(Complete Solutions)
Headache, nuchal rigidity, fever/chills and photophobia is a classic sign of: - Meningitis
Patients who have headache and fever should be assessed for: (which sign(s)?) - Kernig's (pain
when extension of knee at sitting position; 'K' in Kernigs and knee) and Brudzinsky's signs
(involuntary flexing of legs when flexing neck). Positive tests would indicate meningitis.
Fluid shifting in lungs is: - ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom); occurs during shock or can
also happen because of pneumonia, aspiration, pancreatitis or drug overdose. High mortality
Epiglottitis VS Croup VS Meningitis - Epiglottis: High grade fever (>102*F), Sore throat, Drooling,
Leaning forward
Croup: Seal bark cough at night, Low grade fever(<102*F), Stridor
Meningitis: Stiff neck, fever/chills, photophobia, Fever with seizures.
Dental pain, fever, dysphagia and possible firm red pronounced swelling around throat: - Ludwig's
Angina
Activation of the RAA Pathway is caused by: - Dehydration, Drop in Na, or Hemorrhage (which all,
essentially, can lead to shock)
With regards to RAA: When a drop in BP is sensed by kidneys, they will release ________ which will -
Renin(think "RENal"/"RENin"; will combine with angiotensinogen (in blood) to make Angiotensin I.
, There's an enzyme in your lungs called ACE which stands for ________. As Angiotensin-1 is carried
from your blood stream to your lungs, it combines with ACE and becomes _________. - Angiotensin
Converting Enzyme; Angiotensin-2.
Angiotensin-2 specifically activates the ________________ to secrete _______________ - adrenal cortex;
aldosterone
aldosterone - Causes water and salt retention in blood, thus increasing blood pressure.
ADH vs Aldosterone - What's the difference between ADH and Aldosterone?
ADH Keeps water, and water only; Aldosterone keeps water and salt.
........
If you eat food that's high in salts, you increase the tonicity of your bloodstream when it's absorbed
and become hypertonic. That triggers ADH which causes your kidneys to retain water and only
water. A drop in blood pressure will also cause ADH release because there's a multiplicity to the
body all the time.
There's never been a clinical case of somebody overproducing ADH. But there are clinical cases of
lower than normal ADH levels (deficiency) which goes by the name of diabetes insipidus. What's
diabetes insipidus? If you can't make ADH, you pee a lot because you have no way of not-peeing a
lot. The word diabetes means to pee a lot. There's diabetes mellitus. Mellitus means sweet. So this is
sweet pee. Insipidus is pee that doesn't taste sweet. These two diabetes were recognized by ancient
greeks. When people would pee a lot, they would taste their urine. If it tastes sweet, it was called
diabetes mellitus, and if it wasn't sweet it was called diabetes insipidus.
Angiotenson, Renin and Aldosterone increase - preload and afterload.
During compensatory shock renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to cause: - Increase
preload afterload and reabsorption of sodium
