CGSC - H100 - 29C exam 2022/2023 with 100% correct answers

Maurice of Nassau Dutch - Focus on drill and discipline; created drill manuals; decreased depth of formation to increase rate of fire Dutch Wars of Independence against Spain Maurice of Nassau - War Dutch Wars of Independence against Spain Gustavus Adolphus Further reduced ranks to increase rate of fire; used cavalry as shock force; used premade cartridges; national standing army with mix of conscripts and mercenaries; increased the numbers of officers and Soldiers because of smaller unit size (allowed for increased Mission Command) 30 Years War Frederick the Great Prussian Strict discipline, corporal punishment; use of interior lines/central position; progressive, sequential training Unable to apply Mission Command or foraging techniques due to high desertion rate and average quality of soldiers. Limited C2. Limited war War of Austrian Succession, 7 Years war, Polish Wars, Wars of Bavarian Succession Napoleon French French Revolution, Italian Wars, Napoleonic Wars. -Levee en Masse -Mass mobilization -Total war -Shift from coercive compliance to normative compliance -Division/Corps system; -Use of multiple avenues of approach and foraging to speed up movement -more merit based promotions -use of rapid maneuver and forcing enemy to commit to large battles Scharnhorst and Gneisenau Prussian Napoleonic Wars Reformed Prussian Army after devastating defeat at Jena in 1806; transformed army to one based on universal service; limited corporal punishment; stopped relying of mercenaries; development of Landwehr (Army Reserves); emphasis on officer education Jomini Swiss Napoleonic Wars (first for French, then Russia) War is rational and subject to unchanging rules; influenced US Army principles of war; no significant discussion of politics or grand strategy; focused on deployment of forces. Strategy decides where to act, logistics brings the troops there, Grand tactics decides the manner of execution and employment of the troops. Principles: Objective, Offense, Mass, Maneuver Clausewitz Prussian Napoleonic Wars The Trinity (military, People, government); War as an act of force to compel an enemy to do one's will; unchanging nature of war/ever changing character; importance of politics; center of gravity; "war is a continuation of political intercourse, carried on with other means" Moltke the Elder Prussian Chief of Staff Austro and Franco-Prussian War Understood need for short/decisive wars given Prussia's relative strategic weaknesses; Auftragstaktik-due to larger dispersion of battlefield, required more PME Roon Prussian War Minister Austro and Franco-Prussian War New Model Prussian Army-increased conscription to three years; focus on training and discipline to offset Prussian strategic weaknesses Schleiffen Prussian/ German Chief of Staff *Dies right before WWI Schlieffen Plan-Germany could not sustain a two front war; Russia would take time to mobilize, so France had to be knocked out quickly Moltke the Younger Prussian / German Chief of Staff World War One Followed Schlieffen Plan with only minor variations; some say that he weakened the plan, which caused the defeat at the Marne Ludendorff Prussian / German Reformer World War I Sent to western front after success against the Russians; elastic defense in-depth, stormtroopers; three battle zones (outpost/battle/rear) believed the Germans had limited time to win before US build-up Principles-defender must never surrender initiative; do not hold ground at all costs; defense in depth; rely on firepower, not just numbers of troops Seeckt German Staff Officer WWI / WWII Interwar Period Conducted German AAR-maneuver matters, offensive mindset, Officers/NCOs take initiative and use judgement, Officers/NCOs know and train doctrine Heinz Guderian German General Pioneered German Tank design and Blitzkrieg JFC Fuller British WWI - Planned the tank attack at the 20 November 1917 Battle of Cambrai and the tank operations for the Autumn offensives of 1918. WWII - Fuller's ideas on mechanized warfare continued to be influential in the lead-up to the Second World War, ironically less with his countrymen than with the Nazis, notably Heinz Guderian who spent his own money to have Fuller's Provisional Instructions for Tank and Armoured Car Training translated. In the 1930s the German Army implemented tactics similar in many ways to Fuller's analysis, which became known as Blitzkrieg. Liddel Hart British - Combined arms Dohet Italy Airpower will win the next war; the destruction of the enemy's air force is paramount; strategic bombing; bring violence directly to the civilian population. Military Revolutions 1.) 17th Century - birth of modern nation-state 2.) 18th Century - French Revolution - Fusion of fusion of mass politics and warfare 3.) 18th Century - Industrial Revolution - possible to clothe, arm, feed, pay, and mobilize 4.) WWI - combines previous 2x revs, modern 3 dimensional warfare. 5.) WWII - nukes - strategic ability to prevent war RMA - Revolution in Military Affairs Combination of military tactics, organization, and policy to address changes in tech, society, politics that proves so effective as to permanently change the course and conduct of war Western Way of War 1) Technology 2) Discipline 3) Military Tradition 4) Financial System/Credit 5) Innovation War Before Napoleon: Society -Kings - Lords - Knights -Serfs; land paid for with military service -Mercenaries were generally the best units; Soldiers were from lowest wrung of society Why wasn't war decisive before Napoleon -Several exemptions to military service -Training was expensive -High desertion rates -Lack of organization and staff for good logistics French Revolution • •Unleashed passion of people •Soldiers fought for fatherland; increased trust; allowed for greater level of mission command than before with the use of skirmishers and foraging •All of society was involved in the war effort; allowed for the creation of massive armies (Levee en Masse) •Almost all officers had been noble; most of them were kicked out; allowed for a more merit based system •Shift from limited to more total warfare