MDC 3 Exam 1 Questions and Answers with Complete Solution

MDC 3 Exam 1 Questions and Answers with Complete Solution What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women and 2nd leading cause of death in women? Correct Answer- Breast cancer How does breast cancer start? Correct Answer- From the epithelial lining of the ducts or the epithelium of the lobules 99% of breast cancers occur in what gender? Correct Answer- women breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women? Correct Answer- white breast cancer in men is similar across? Correct Answer- all ethnic groups Risk factors for breast cancer? Correct Answer- -post menopause (increasing in age after 60) -Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause therapy) can be with progesterone or alone. - History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian cancer, or family history of breast cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2 hold a 5-10% genetic risk) -Alcohol -Childbirth after age 30 -Obesity -Smoking -Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance (increased risk) Breast cancer signs and symptoms Correct Answer- -lump in breast -swelling -skin irritation -dimpling -breast pain -nipple pain -nipple turning inward -redness -scaliness -thickening of the nipple -unusual discharge -lump in the armpit (more rare but can present itself as an orange peel) *Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * Correct Answer- *upper outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common location of a cancer* Breast cancer screening & diagnostics Correct Answer- -history -physical assessment and examination -mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue) -ultrasound -MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound) -Biopsy -Labs -Pathology Breast health large breast challenges Correct Answer- -Impaired comfort -Back pain -diffculty finding clothing that fits -expensive bras -fungal infections under breasts -redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts. Breast health small breast challenges Correct Answer- -some choose breast augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that increase bleeding before/after surgery) -Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as sensitive -*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer* *Breast Cancer Types* Correct Answer- -*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast cancer remains in the mammary *DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct