Hesi Anatomy and Physiology, Answers with corresponding questions. Comprehensive masterpiece. Graded A+.

Hesi Anatomy and Physiology, Answers with corresponding questions. Comprehensive masterpiece. Graded A+ homeostasis - body's maintenance of a stable environment receptors - molecule or cell that provides information about the environment control center (and set point) - indicates correct value (e.g. body temp) effectors - What elicits a response that alters conditions within the body's internal environment. (e.g. muscles and glands) negative feedback - When receptors measure deviations from the set point, effectors are activated and conditions are returned toward the set point and effectors gradually shut off. This movement toward homeostasis and balance is called ......... positive feedback - Homeostatic mechanisms that function when changes byeffectors move the body away from normal conditions, causing more changes, is called...... (examples are blood clotting and labor contractions) organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism - Levels of organization organelle - Cell components that perform a specific function cells - Basic unit of structure and function tissues - Groups of cells organized into layers or masses that have specific functions organs - Structures that perform a specialized function (comprised of tissues) Organ systems - Groups of organs that function together closely Organism - Comprised of an interacting organ system superior - above, or closer to the head inferior - below, or closer to the feet Anterior (Ventral) - Toward the front Posterior (Dorsal) - Toward the back medial - Toward the midline lateral - Away from the midline (closer to the sides) Median (saggital) plane - Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into right and left portions Coronal/Frontal plane - Imaginary vertical line dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions Transverse (cross-sectional) - Imaginary horizontal line dividing the body into superior and inferior Dorsal cavities (near the back) - Cranial and spinal cavity Cranial cavity - Cavity that contains the brain Spinal cavity (vertebral) - Cavity that contains the spinal cord and vertebrae orbits, nasal, oral, thoracic, mediastinum, pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic (peritoneal) - Ventral cavities (near the front of the body) orbits - Cavity that contains the eyes and associated skeletal muscles and nerves Nasal cavity - Cavity that is divided into right and left portions by the nasal septum; air-filled sphenoid and frontal sinuses Oral cavity - Cavity that contains the teeth and tongue thoracic cavity - Cavity that contains the lungs (chest cavity) Mediastinum - Space between the lungs that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus Pericardial cavity - Potential space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium middle ear cavities - Cavity containing the incus, malleus, stapes Pleural cavities (lungs) - Cavities (right and left) that are the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes Abdominopelvic cavity - Cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the floor of the pelvis; includes stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small and large intestines, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs Peritoneal cavity - Cavity that is the potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneal membranes Pleural membranes (parietal is the outside layer that lines the cavity, visceral is the inside layer, covering the lung) - Body cavity membrane: which is a serous membrane that lines the lungs