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De Samenvatting van Sociologie (UA: Walter Weyns)

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Deze samenvatting omvat alle te kennen leerstof, vergelijking tussen de sociologen en verbanden. Met dit document heb je alles wat je nodig hebt om te slagen voor het examen. Ik heb een 15/20 behaald in 1e zittijd. Succes gegarandeerd!

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Inhoudsopgave

1. Sociologische Verbeelding ............................................................................................................................ 4
Recente Wetenschap .................................................................................................................................... 4
Crisisbesef .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Sociaal probleem is bron v/ sociologische verbeelding ................................................................................... 6
Wright Mills: sociologische verbeelding ........................................................................................................ 6
Grondleggers: Comte & Spencer ................................................................................................................... 6

2. Cultuur ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Begrip .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
De menselijke soort en co-evolutie ................................................................................................................ 8
Sociale Instituties ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Culturele diversiteit ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Culturele identiteit en etnocentrisme ............................................................................................................ 9
Culturele Universalia .................................................................................................................................. 10
Spreken en schrijven ................................................................................................................................... 10
Contact tussen culturen .............................................................................................................................. 10

4. Socialisatie ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Mens als sociaal wezen .............................................................................................................................. 10
Opvoedingspatronen .................................................................................................................................. 11
Vroege ontwikkeling v/h kind ..................................................................................................................... 11
Theorieen over ontwikkeling kind ............................................................................................................... 12
Socializerende instituties ............................................................................................................................ 13
Secundaire socialisatie <-> Primaire socialisatie .......................................................................................... 13
Hersocialisatie & Totale instelling ............................................................................................................... 13
Levensloop ................................................................................................................................................. 13

5. Sociale Interactie ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Hoe worden sociale interacties aangeknoopt & i. stand gehouden w? ......................................................... 15
Afhankelijkheidsrelaties en perverse effecten .............................................................................................. 17

6. Groepen en organisaties............................................................................................................................. 17
Soorten sociale verbanden .......................................................................................................................... 17
Typologie v/ Ferdinand Tonnies .................................................................................................................. 17
Formele organisatie.................................................................................................................................... 18
Groepsconfromiteit .................................................................................................................................... 18
Bureaucratie .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Andere managementdiscours ..................................................................................................................... 19



1

, Professionals .............................................................................................................................................. 19

7. Stratficiatie & sociale klasse ....................................................................................................................... 19
Voorstellingen ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Evolutie v/ intensiteit ongelijkheid .............................................................................................................. 20
Sociale klasse ............................................................................................................................................. 20
Theorieen ................................................................................................................................................... 21

8. Deviantie en Criminaliteit ........................................................................................................................... 23
Deviantie.................................................................................................................................................... 23
Sociogenese v/ misdaad & straf .................................................................................................................. 23
Sociogenese v/d gevangenis ....................................................................................................................... 24
Biologische & psychologische theorieen ...................................................................................................... 24
Sociologische theorieen .............................................................................................................................. 25

9. Gender & Sekse .......................................................................................................................................... 26
Binair onderscheid ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Verklaring v/ gendergerelateerde gedragsverschillen .................................................................................. 27
Aanleren Genderrol .................................................................................................................................... 27
Sociologen over ontwikkeling gender .......................................................................................................... 27
Patriarchaat & productie ............................................................................................................................ 28

10. Huwelijk & Gezin ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Verwantschap ............................................................................................................................................ 29
Familie & gezinstypen................................................................................................................................. 29
Oorsprong v/ gezin ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Echtscheiding ............................................................................................................................................. 31

11. Etniciteit ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Etnische groep, minderheden, rassen i. plurale maatschappij ...................................................................... 32
Vooroordelen & discriminatie ..................................................................................................................... 32
Stereotype & vooroordelen ......................................................................................................................... 32
Kolonisering, etnocentrisme, ontmenselijking ............................................................................................. 33
Theorie v/ Adorno....................................................................................................................................... 33

12. Arbeid en economie ................................................................................................................................. 33
De ver economiseerde samenleving ............................................................................................................ 33
Fabriek & industriele maatschappij ............................................................................................................. 34
Moderne arbeidsethos................................................................................................................................ 34
Arbeid: pijler v/ orde ................................................................................................................................... 35




2

,3

, Sociologie
1. Sociologische Verbeelding
= manier om naar wereld te kijken, waarnemingen die men herkent
Recente Wetenschap
Sociologie = de wetenschap van sociale interacties tussen mensen en hoe die herkenbaar
zijn
 Ontstaan:
o 200jr. geleden (19e E)
o ‘sociale fysica’
o <logos v/d socialen
 Reden:
1. Wetenschapsontwikkeling (Comte):
o Wetenschap = nauwkeurig waarnemen + precieze theorie vorming
 objectiveren: afstend nemen + onderzoeken (voor werp)
o Later uitgevonden ~ toenemende complexiteit/minder helder ~ verder van
ons
2. Crisiswetenschap (Albion Small): samenleving i. wanorde ontstaan
Crisisbesef
gn natuurlijke distantie tss mens & maats.
 mentaal bv. Taal
 fysiek dr maats. normen
bv. Getemde honger (op vaste tijdstippen eten, nt wnr men wil)
bv. Getrainde sluitspier (mag nt overal schijten)
gn geliefde onthullingen: - pas empirisch denken i. een democratie mog. (FR Rev., AM Rev.)
- sociale verbeelding al veel vroeger
Bv. Montesquieu: ‘Lettres Persanes’ (2 Perzen schrijven over samenleving Parijs)
Bv. William Du Bois: empirisch onderzoek rassenmaats. VS
= sociale verbeelding: zichzelf bezien uit vreemd perspectief

The Great Transformation, K. Polanyi
 sociale verbeelding verklaard dr sociologische veranderingen
 The Great Transformation = collectieve verandering (FR&AM Rev.) = modernisering
 historische drempeloverschrijdingen
1. Clanmaatschappij: beheersing v/h vuur (0,5-1,5 milj. jr. gleden)
- bescherming (machtskanteling), bereid eten (beschaving),
2. Landbouwmaatschappij: agrarisering = neolithische revolutie (12k jr.
geleden)
- domesticatie v/ dieren&planten (landbouw  demografische groei)
- °Nabije Oosten
3. Industriele maatschappij: Industriele revolutie (1850-…) + politieke
omwentelingen (FR Rev.)
4. Informatiemaatschappij: digitalisering
 sociologie bestudeert menselijke samenleving, beoogt synthese (recht, geschiedenis,
politieke economie, etc.)


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