HSM 541 All Discussions Week 1-7 Complete Solutions With Answers 2022/2023

HSM 541 All Discussions Week 1-7 Complete Solutions With Answers 2022/2023. WEEK 1: COSTS, QUALITY, AND ACCESS Discuss the interrelationships between healthcare costs, quality, and access from the Roemer model of health services systems. Make suggestions on how one would maximize access and quality while keeping costs low. Now, analyze why these suggestions have not been put into place. 1. Roemer’s model of health services systems is a five-part model that displays individual components such as the management stage, resource production, organization of programs, delivery of services, and economic support. Roemer’s model provides us with a systematic method that compares several healthcare systems worldwide. According to Phoebe Lindsey Barton, she states the more than “149 developed countries” utilize Roemer's model and its primary objective is health. (Barton, 2010) There are several ways one would maximize access and quality while keeping costs low. For instance, there is always discussion about healthcare being available for individuals. Is it a privilege, or right? One way of maximizing access is to ensure everyone has a right to insurance and access to healthcare. Allowing everyone the accessibility of having health insurance will create opportunities as well as options for individuals that are disabled or elderly to get back and forth to their appointments. Also, if we take preventative measures by monitoring people with chronic diseases and providing treatment plans will keep cost low. In American culture, we generally believe there is a direct relationship between cost and quality. In other words, the more something costs, the higher the quality. Do you think this applies to healthcare services? 2. Basing on our American culture, we often have a belief that high cost of something means the thing is of high quality and vice versa. Well, it applies to some things while for other things, the argument does not hold water anymore. My reflection regarding health services is that quality of health services is not directly related to the costs involved. It is because in the U.S health system, there are factors that come into play that makes the direct relationship not to exist. Technology as well as healthcare policies are some of the factors that have impacts on the quality of healthcare services provided with cost in consideration. Healthcare policies are meant to achieve specific objectives in the U.S healthcare system. The government of U.S can establish health policy that focuses more on improving the quality of medical services delivered to patients at affordable costs. An example is the Affordable Care Act that that focused on quality care at reasonable costs especially for the low-income earners, and the elderly (Obama, 2016). Also, advanced technology enhances efficiency in healthcare service delivery through improving service time and appropriate clinical procedures involved in service delivery to reduce wastage, misuse, and underutilization of health resources. According to American College of Physicians (2009), it is possible to provide high-quality medical services at low costs provided that there are programs, mechanisms and practices to control the same. WORKS CITED American College of Physicians. (2009). Controlling Health Care Costs While Promoting the Best Possible Health Outcomes. American College of Physicians. Obama, B. J. (2016). United States Health Care Reform: Progress to Date and Next Steps. Journal of American Medical Association, 525-533. Pharmaceutical companies definitely contribute to this problem. One of the unique features of the U.S. is that we allow the mass marketing of prescription medications in the mass media. This drives demand and ultimately higher costs for newer and more expensive medicines. New Zealand is the only other country that allow this practice. What are your thoughts? 3. I am against the mass marketing of prescription medication in the mass media. This practice causes considerable harm to the public through the stimulation of demand for the medications which further results into unsuitable or unnecessary, costly treatment. The supporters of the marketing of prescription medication who are mainly the pharmaceutical companies claim the marketing is a source of information for consumers though in real sense the information is often misleading as they always cite inappropriate publications to support their promotional claims. Furthermore, mass marketing increases the likelihood of the consumer requesting that advertised product in believe that they have a condition which increase the prescribing and create unnecessary costs to patients and the health system in general. WEEK 1: ILLNESS VS. HEALTH PROMOTION Criticism has been leveled at the curative rather than health promotion/disease prevention focus of the U.S. healthcare system. Should the focus change? Why or why not? Do you see evidence of a shift occurring? If so, what do you think is contributing to that change? 1. Although we’ve made some progress using curative medicine rather than health promotion or disease prevention the process is slow. Therapeutic methods do not produce enough positive outcomes in health care because there are social, institutional values as well as beliefs that put emphasis on diseases and not on health, thus causing an increase in healthcare costs. We know beliefs and values are very influential. Healthcare should focus on preventative measures. Taking precautions and treatment methods to prevent chronic illnesses or diseases is the best course of action. According to the CDC, states taking precautions are critical. “Increasing the focus on prevention in our communities will improve our quality of life.” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014) It reduces healthcare costs as well as ensuring that the patient is healthy enough to live a productive life in society. When trying to reform our health status we often look at access and financing and ignore some of the underlying problems which contribute to illness and disease such as poverty and food insecurity. What are some other specific social determinants of health in the U.S? 2. Among the U.S healthcare reforms that have been established, access and financing are factors that are given more emphasis. It is pretty essential because there must be a balance between making healthcare services and facilities available to American citizens at affordable prices; however, there are additional factors that come into play. Social elements should not be given little consideration as such since they are contributors of illness. The aging population, increased migration, health behaviors, drug abuse, genetic, housing are some of the factors that impact on the health of the U.S people. According to U.S Department of Health and Human Services (2017), the issue of housing like slums accelerates spread of communicable diseases due to poor sanitary conditions and other disease predisposing elements. The increase in population that is aging in U.S pose a challenge of requiring health care help from the government. Drug abuse among U.S citizen especially the youths is a problem that increases the susceptibility of infection, transmission, and spread of diseases. Immigration of people into the U.S enhances the prevalence of various types of diseases that require different medical approaches to treat (Carissa, 2013). WORKS CITED Carissa, E. F. (2013). Social Determinants of Health in the Americas. Washington D.C: Pan American Sanitary Bureau. U.S Department of Health and Human Services. (2017, July 7). Social Determinants of Health _ Healthy People 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2017, from : Assessment that the lifestyles of many Americans is one factor that makes our system the most expensive in the world. Americans also want the most expensive and technologically advanced treatments rather than less expensive ones that may take a behavior change. For examples, it’s easier to take diet pills than change dietary habits. Surgeons make money doing surgeries. It is reasonable to assume that they have bias toward recommending surgery? 3. It’s totally true that our lifestyles as Americans plus the demand for new technologies/ drugs have become key factors contributing to an expensive health system. Chronic diseases that are associated with lifestyles like smoking, not exercising and bad nutrition are the most common and costly of all health problems. In fact, almost 90% of prescription costs are for treatment of chronic disease. As much as medical advances help us to get well and delay death, they too drive spending as most patients and doctors demand the newest treatment without evidence that they are better. I offer online tutoring, help with class Assignments, essay writing, dissertations, thesis, Copywriting Et al., for all Majors with a guaranteed PASS and QUALITY. For assistance Contact Tutor Lucas: