Health Wellness and Illness question & answers (updated 2022/2023)

Health Wellness and Illness question & answers (updated 2022/2023)World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being- not merely the absence of disease." Health is a relative state of adaptation to the environment. Adaptation Homeostasis Wellness Human Dimensions Factors that influence a person's health status Health Models Clinical Model Health Belief Model High Level Wellness Model Holistic Health Model 00:40 01:24 Disease Defined as an interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system or organ structure Characterized by: Includes: Causes: Syndromes and functional disorders: Diagnosing Disease: Illness An acute or chronic lack of adaptation to internal and environmental stressors Acute Chronic Illness is a result from deficiency or excess Stressors Psychological stressors Physiologic stressors Self-Care Deficit Chronic Illness Characteristics: Permanent change Causes or is caused by irreversible alterations in normal anatomy and physiology Requires special patient education Requires a long period of care and support Stages of Illness behavior Clinical manifestations Signs Symptoms Sick role Dependent role Recovery rehabilitation Risk Factors for Illness Age Genetic factors Physiologic factors Health habits Lifestyle envioronment Nursing in wellness Illness prevention Health promotion Effect of stress Lifestyle modification Health promotion Consists of activities directed toward increasing the level of well being and actualizing the health potential of individuals, families, communities and society Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary Prevention Examples of nursing activities by level of health promotion Nursing skills needed to assist in health promotion Maslow's hierarchy of human needs Higher level needs: self-actualization self-esteem love and belonging Lower level needs: safety and security physiologic Family functions and stages Physical Economic Reproductive Affection and coping Socialization Stages Couple With children (adolescents, young adults, middle aged adults, older adults) Family structure nuclear Extended blended 00:03 01:24 Community Factors affecting health Social support systems Community health structure Economic resources Environmental factors Nursing in the community Characteristics of community influences on the health of a member: Transportation and communication Production of services and goods Education and recreation Framework for healthcare delivery Managed care systems Case management Primary healthcare Healthcare settings hospitals Inpatient Outpatient Profit- non-profit Public - private Largest numbers of employer of nurses Primary care centers Ambulatory care centers Home Health Long term care Specialized care centers Day care Mental health centers Rural Schools Industry Homeless shelters Rehab centers Role of nurses Direct care providers Manager Administration Nurse practitioner Clinical nurse specialist Patient educator In-service educator Researcher Case manager Stay informed Professional organizations Document outcomes of patient care Leadership advocate Healthcare team Physician Nurse Social worker Dietitian Case manager Physical, occupational and speech therapist Chaplin Consults Committee Healthcare delivery trends Aging population Increase in diversity Technology Globalization of economy and society Educated consumers (informed) Increase complexity of patient care Cost of healthcare Effect of healthcare policy and regulation Nursing shortage Healthcare issues Focus on preventive care Knowledgeable consumers Cost containment Fragmentation of care Healthcare right or privilege? Continuity of care Changes in patient level of care Transfer of patients Verbal and written reports- documentation Medication reconciliation Discharge planning: Components Criteria for referrals guidelines Patient refusal of care Patient rights Refusal of care or treatment Leaving AMA Legally free to leave Choice carries risk Must sign release form Informed of risks prior to signing form Patient signature must be witnessed Form part of medical record culture Shared system of beliefs, values and behavioral expectations Social structure for daily living Defines role and interactions Apparent in attitudes and institutions unique to the culture Subcultures Groups in society Dominant group Minority group