Biochemistry WGU C785 - Module 1

Biochemistry WGU C785 - Module 1 Hydrophilic - CORRECT ANSWERS Having an affinity for water. Hydrophobic - CORRECT ANSWERS substances that are not soluble in water. Hydrophobic substances include large, uncharged particles like fats and oils solvent - CORRECT ANSWERS A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances Solute - CORRECT ANSWERS A substance that is dissolved in a solution. Adhesive - CORRECT ANSWERS Having the ability to stick to other surfaces. Cohesive - CORRECT ANSWERS having the ability to stick together Heat of Vaporization - CORRECT ANSWERS The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas Anticodon - CORRECT ANSWERS Three-base sequence in a transfer RNA molecule base that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - CORRECT ANSWERS DNA -> RNA -> Protein This paradigm was formulated by Grancis Crick: First, a portion of the DNA, a gene, is transcribed to produce a complementary strand of RNA; then RNA is translated into protein Codon - CORRECT ANSWERS A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid DNA - CORRECT ANSWERS deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. Dominant Allele - CORRECT ANSWERS an allele that dominates or masks the presence of another allele and is fully expressed Dominant trait - CORRECT ANSWERS the trait that is expressed from a dominant allele Recessive allele - CORRECT ANSWERS the trait that is completely masked and is not expressed Recessive trait - CORRECT ANSWERS a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor Epigenetics - CORRECT ANSWERS the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Exons - CORRECT ANSWERS expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein Gene Expression - CORRECT ANSWERS process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function Histones - CORRECT ANSWERS they are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and playing a role in gene regulation Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWERS is the passage of hereditary traits from one generation to the next Introns - CORRECT ANSWERS Non-coding segments of nucleic acid that lie between coding sequences. Intervening sequences in a newly made mRNA molecule that are removed by splicing before the mRNA is released into the cytoplasm for protein synthesis mRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome Peptide Bond - CORRECT ANSWERS covalent bond formed between amino acids Polypeptides - CORRECT ANSWERS Promoter - CORRECT ANSWERS specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWERS Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. RNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins RNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWERS the primary enzyme involved in transcription that reads the DNA sequence of a gene and produces a complementary mRNA molecule. rRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS Ribosomal RNA part of the ribosome Splicing - CORRECT ANSWERS the process of removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre-mRNA