Summary Chapter 14 - Organic Chemistry CIE IGCSE Chemistry

TOPIC 14 – Organic Chemistry


· NAMING COMPOUNDS:




· STRUCTURES OF WELL-KNOWN COMPOUNDS:




· STRUCTURAL FORMULAE OF ESTERS:

, · FUELS:


 Examples: coal, natural gas + petroleum.
 Methane is the main constituent of natural gas.
 Petroleum = a mixture of hydrocarbons.

· FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL:




· HOMOLOGOUS SERIES:

 A ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence
of the same functional group.
 The compounds in a homologous series have the same general formula.


· STRUCTURAL ISOMERSISM:

 Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
 Due to the different arrangement of their atoms in space.
 Two types – chain and position
 Chain – structure of the carbon chain differs.
 Position – the position of the functional group differs.


· ALKANES:

 Hydrocarbon compounds with only single carbon bonds, there are no C=C bonds
 Generally unreactive (except in terms of burning)
 Substitution reaction: