WGU- C963 answers 100% correct 2022

WGU- C963 answers 100% correct 2022John Locke English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. Montesquieu French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers. Advocated for due process 00:45 01:17 Adam Smith argued for property rights and minimal gov regulation in economics. Social Contracy Theory Agreement between people and government where citizens are content to be governed as long as government protects natural rights. Thomas Hobbes english philosopher who argued society isnt natural or immutable but created by us, instead of being passive members of society we are creators. Implicit contracts never agreed upon, but we find ourselves in. "Rights imply obligation so when you take from the pot, you are expected to pay in" Ex: taxes State of Nature theory on how people might have lived before societies Natural Rights society can not interfere with our efforts to obtain ex: Food, shelter, clothing Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Roussea Hobbes- seeks physical security as social contract Locke- seeks protection from harm and permitting us to pursue our own lives Rousseau- argues for general will of society using uniformity of existence Social Contract require continual renegotiation to remain relevant to present circumstances. Failure to negotiate can lead to dissolution of society Declaration of Independence written mainly by Jefferson, expressed ideas of locke. -Gov serves to regulate terms of social contract in society and protect our natural rights and serve as democratic conduit for interests U.S. Constitution turns to less democratic ideas of Montesquieu and Rousseau - separates legislative, executive and judicial powers, works to determine sovereignty of states 00:02 01:17 Bill of Rights Constitutional amendments that protect the rights of citizens Articles of confederation first attempt at structuring the United States. - established republic that held power and elected representatives to govern with independent self governing states from a union bicameral legislature two chambers of legislature; House of Representatives and Senate created so the government didnt have too much power Power to Borrow and coin money federal government can establish national banking system; also to control national fiscal power Power to declare war gov can delcare war if deemed appropriate and can appoint military officials Power to make Treaties and Alliances with other nations could enter into treaties or agreements with other nations if deemed appropriate. Power to Regulate Trade w/ Native Americans negotiate and regulate trade but, native Americans werent considered citizens of the U.S. and were treated as foreigners. Power to settle disputes between states right to settle any and all boundary disputes that arose between the states, which were bound to happen. Power to Raise an Army or Navy National government didn't have the power for its own military so they had to request troops from the states who could deny. This would leave a lack of defense for the country Taxation national government had no power to impose or collect taxes; they had to request it from states- they were negligent and would leave national government underfunded. Regulating Trade National gov didnt have the power to regulate trade causing the economy to suffer; trade was regulated through the states so the national government couldnt collect taxes. Virginia Plan "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation. The Great Compromise Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house Article 1 of the Constitution congress is given power to tax, maintain navy & army, and regulate trade and commerce, coin and borrow money declare war, establish laws. 3/5 Compromise 60% of slaves counted for population and taxable property Clause 3 Article IV slave owners can reclaim their runaway slaves. checks and balances A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power Federal System form of government where power is divided between states and national government Enumerated Powers given explicitly to the federal government by the constitution to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, declare war, support armies, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs Political Ideologies coherent philosophies about the structure, power, and purpose of government Anti federalists believed the constitution offered little protection for liberty and national rights - feared national gov and believed state legislature could protect rights Federalists Wanted a new constitution made up of elites, wealthy, and well educated land owners. What was a compromise to win support from anti federalists? the bill of rights was a compromise Federalist No. 10 James Madison wrote an essay to argue diversity